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Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8247-8257, Vol. 81, No. 15
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00312-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Matrix Fibronectin Binds Gammaretrovirus and Assists in Entry: New Light on Viral Infections{triangledown} ,{dagger}

Christiane Beer1 and Lene Pedersen1,2*

Department of Molecular Biology,1 Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark2

Received 12 February 2007/ Accepted 14 May 2007

A major entry route for the gammaretrovirus amphotropic murine leukemia virus (A-MLV) into NIH 3T3 fibroblasts is via caveola-dependent endocytosis. However, during the infection time, few viral particles can be observed intracellularly. Analyzing the dynamics of the A-MLV infection process by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we show that the majority of viruses are extracellular and bound to the fibronectin matrix. Moreover, the amounts of bound virus and of fibronectin correlated. Using confocal microscopy, nanoparticles targeted to fibronectin by a III1C-fibronectin fragment or anti-fibronectin antibody were detected intracellularly in NIH 3T3 cells; unconjugated nanoparticles neither bound to cells nor were detectable intracellularly. Furthermore, A-MLV colocalized intracellularly with the fibronectin-targeted nanoparticles, suggesting that they were taken up by the same cellular pathway. Both A-MLV entry and fibronectin turnover depend on caveolar endocytosis, and we found that inhibiting viral binding to the extracellular NIH 3T3 fibronectin-matrix dramatically reduced A-MLV infection, indeed, showing an active role of fibronectin in infection. We suggest that binding to the cellular fibronectin matrix provides a new mechanism by which viruses can enter cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé, Building 130, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Phone: 45-8942-2633. Fax: 45-8619-6500. E-mail: LP{at}mb.au.dk

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 23 May 2007.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, August 2007, p. 8247-8257, Vol. 81, No. 15
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00312-07
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.





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