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Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 349-361, Vol. 81, No. 1
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01841-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVmac239 Infection of Major Histocompatibility Complex-Identical Cynomolgus Macaques from Mauritius{triangledown}

Roger W. Wiseman,1,{dagger} Jason A. Wojcechowskyj,1,{dagger} Justin M. Greene,1 Alex J. Blasky,1 Tobias Gopon,1 Taeko Soma,1 Thomas C. Friedrich,1 Shelby L. O'Connor,2 and David H. O'Connor1,2*

Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 537062

Received 23 August 2006/ Accepted 2 October 2006

Nonhuman primates are widely used to study correlates of protective immunity in AIDS research. Successful cellular immune responses have been difficult to identify because heterogeneity within macaque major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes results in quantitative and qualitative differences in immune responses. Here we use microsatellite analysis to show that simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-susceptible cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius have extremely simple MHC genetics, with six common haplotypes accounting for two-thirds of the MHC haplotypes in feral animals. Remarkably, 39% of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques carry at least one complete copy of the most frequent MHC haplotype, and 8% of these animals are homozygous. In stark contrast, entire MHC haplotypes are rarely conserved in unrelated Indian rhesus macaques. After intrarectal infection with highly pathogenic SIVmac239 virus, a pair of MHC-identical Mauritian cynomolgus macaques mounted concordant cellular immune responses comparable to those previously reported for a pair of monozygotic twins infected with the same strain of human immunodeficiency virus. Our identification of relatively abundant SIV-susceptible, MHC-identical macaques will facilitate research into protective cellular immunity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Wisconsin—Madison, 555 Science Drive, Madison, WI 53711. Phone: (608) 890-0845. Fax: (608) 265-8084. E-mail: doconnor{at}primate.wisc.edu.

{triangledown} Published ahead of print on 11 October 2006.

{dagger} R.W.W. and J.A.W. contributed equally to this study.

Journal of Virology, January 2007, p. 349-361, Vol. 81, No. 1
0022-538X/07/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01841-06
Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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