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Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 3122-3125, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.3122-3125.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Relative Dominance of Gag p24-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Is Associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Control

Rosario Zuñiga,1 Aldo Lucchetti,1 Patricia Galvan,1 Shyla Sanchez,1 Carmen Sanchez,1 Ana Hernandez,1 Hugo Sanchez,1 Nicole Frahm,2 Caitlyn H. Linde,2 Hannah S. Hewitt,2 William Hildebrand,3 Marcus Altfeld,2 Todd M. Allen,2 Bruce D. Walker,2 Bette T. Korber,4 Thomas Leitner,4 Jorge Sanchez,1 and Christian Brander2*

Asociación Civil IMPACTA Salud y Educación, Lima, Peru,1 Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts,2 University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma,3 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, and Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico4

Received 5 October 2005/ Accepted 21 December 2005

Conflicting data on the role of total virus- and protein-specific cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses in the control of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease progression exist. We present data generated from a Peruvian cohort of untreated, clade B-infected subjects, demonstrating that the proportion of Gag-specific, and in particular p24-reactive, CTL responses among the total virus-specific CTL activity is associated with individuals' CD4 counts and viral loads. Analyses in a second cohort in the United States confirm these findings and point towards a dominant role of Gag-specific immunity in effective control of HIV infection, providing important guidance for HIV vaccine development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Partners AIDS Research Center, 5th Floor, MGH East, #5239, 149 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129-2000. Phone: (617) 724-5789. Fax: (617) 726-5411. E-mail: cbrander{at}partners.org.

Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 3122-3125, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.3122-3125.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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