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Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2747-2759, Vol. 80, No. 6
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0 doi:10.1128/JVI.80.6.2747-2759.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
UMR01161 ENVA-INRA-AFSSA de Virologie, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France,1 CRUCELL Holland BV, 2301 CA Leiden, The Netherlands,2 Virus Receptor and Immune Evasion Group, Department of Child Health, Cardiff University, Wales School of Medicine, Fifth Floor Heath Hospital, Health Park, Cardiff CF4 4XN, United Kingdom3
Received 13 October 2005/ Accepted 15 December 2005
A major obstacle to successful oral vaccination is the lack of antigen delivery systems that are both safe and highly efficient. Conventional replication-incompetent adenoviral vectors, derived from human adenoviruses of subgroup C, are poorly efficient in delivering genetic material to differentiated intestinal epithelia. To date, 51 human adenovirus serotypes have been identified and shown to recognize different cellular receptors with different tissue distributions. This natural diversity was exploited in the present study to identify suitable adenoviral vectors for efficient gene delivery to the human intestinal epithelium. In particular, we compared the capacities of a library of adenovirus type 5-based vectors pseudotyped with fibers of several human serotypes for transduction, binding, and translocation toward the basolateral pole in human and murine tissue culture models of differentiated intestinal epithelia. In addition, antibody-based inhibition was used to gain insight into the molecular interactions needed for efficient attachment. We found that vectors differing merely in their fiber proteins displayed vastly different capacities for gene transfer to differentiated human intestinal epithelium. Notably, vectors bearing fibers derived from subgroup B and subgroup D serotypes transduced the apical pole of human epithelium with considerably greater efficiency than a subgroup C vector. Such efficiency was correlated with the capacity to use CD46 or sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates as opposed to CAR as attachment receptors. These results suggest that substantial gains could be made in gene transfer to digestive epithelium by exploiting the tropism of existing serotypes of human adenoviruses.
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