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Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2349-2357, Vol. 80, No. 5
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.5.2349-2357.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Distinct Viral Populations Differentiate and Evolve Independently in a Single Perennial Host Plant{dagger}

Chiraz Jridi,1 Jean-François Martin,2 Véronique Marie-Jeanne,1 Gérard Labonne,1 and Stéphane Blanc1*

UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plantes-Parasites, CIRAD-INRA-ENSAM, TA 41/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France,1 UMR Biologie et de Gestion des Populations, CIRAD-ENSAM-INRA-IRD, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France2

Received 27 September 2005/ Accepted 6 December 2005

The complex structure of virus populations has been the object of intensive study in bacteria, animals, and plants for over a decade. While it is clear that tremendous genetic diversity is rapidly generated during viral replication, the distribution of this diversity within a single host remains an obscure area in this field of science. Among animal viruses, only Human immunodeficiency virus and Hepatitis C virus populations have recently been thoroughly investigated at an intrahost level, where they are structured as metapopulations, demonstrating that the host cannot be considered simply as a "bag" containing a homogeneous or unstructured swarm of mutant viral genomes. In plants, a few reports suggested a possible heterogeneous distribution of virus variants at different locations within the host but provided no clues as to how this heterogeneity is structured. Here, we report the most exhaustive study of the structure and evolution of a virus population ever reported at the intrahost level through the analysis of a Prunus tree infected by Plum pox virus for over 13 years following a single inoculation event and by using analysis of molecular variance at different hierarchical levels combined with nested clade analysis. We demonstrate that, following systemic invasion of the host, the virus population differentiates into several distinct populations that are isolated in different branches, where they evolve independently through contiguous range expansion while colonizing newly formed organs. Moreover, we present and discuss evidence that the tree harbors a huge "bank" of viral clones, each isolated in one of the myriad leaves.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UMR Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plantes-Parasites, CIRAD-INRA-ENSAM, TA 41/K, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 05, France. Phone: 33 (0)4 99 62 48 04. Fax: 33 (0)4 99 62 48 22. E-mail: blanc{at}ensam.inra.fr.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, March 2006, p. 2349-2357, Vol. 80, No. 5
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.5.2349-2357.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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