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Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1599-1603, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1599-1603.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Rapid Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus following Activation of Latently Infected Cells

Philip A. Arlen,1 David G. Brooks,2,{dagger} Lian Y. Gao,2 Dimitrios Vatakis,2 Helen J. Brown,1 and Jerome A. Zack1,2*

Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics,1 Department of Medicine and AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11-934 Factor Building, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California 900952

Received 22 August 2005/ Accepted 7 November 2005

The host cell activation state impacts the nature of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Activated cells facilitate productive infections; quiescent cells enable the virus to enter a latent state, the major obstacle to viral clearance. We wanted to understand how these differences affected viral gene expression. In quiescent cells activated prior to infection, viral RNA was seen 12 h postinfection; when cells were stimulated postinfection, viral RNA was not seen until 36 h postinfection. Up-regulation of viral RNA in latently infected cells occurred within 2 h poststimulation. This hierarchy also held true for viral protein production. These results may explain the rapid reemergence of viremia following termination of therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 11-934 Factor Building, 650 Charles Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-0876. Fax: (310) 825-6192. E-mail: jzack{at}ucla.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Division of Virology, Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037.

Journal of Virology, February 2006, p. 1599-1603, Vol. 80, No. 3
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.3.1599-1603.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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