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Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 8211-8224, Vol. 80, No. 16
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02528-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Eclipse Phase of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection: Efficient Dynein-Mediated Capsid Transport without the Small Capsid Protein VP26

Katinka Döhner, Kerstin Radtke, Simone Schmidt, and Beate Sodeik*

Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany

Received 2 December 2005/ Accepted 30 May 2006

Cytoplasmic dynein,together with its cofactor dynactin, transports incoming herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) capsids along microtubules (MT) to the MT-organizing center (MTOC). From the MTOC, capsids move further to the nuclear pore, where the viral genome is released into the nucleoplasm. The small capsid protein VP26 can interact with the dynein light chains Tctex1 (DYNLT1) and rp3 (DYNLT3) and may recruit dynein to the capsid. Therefore, we analyzed nuclear targeting of incoming HSV1-{Delta}VP26 capsids devoid of VP26 and of HSV1-GFPVP26 capsids expressing a GFPVP26 fusion instead of VP26. To compare the cell entry of different strains, we characterized the inocula with respect to infectivity, viral genome content, protein composition, and particle composition. Preparations with a low particle-to-PFU ratio showed efficient nuclear targeting and were considered to be of higher quality than those containing many defective particles, which were unable to induce plaque formation. When cells were infected with HSV-1 wild type, HSV1-{Delta}VP26, or HSV1-GFPVP26, viral capsids were transported along MT to the nucleus. Moreover, when dynein function was inhibited by overexpression of the dynactin subunit dynamitin, fewer capsids of HSV-1 wild type, HSV1-{Delta}VP26, and HSV1-GFPVP26 arrived at the nucleus. Thus, even in the absence of the potential viral dynein receptor VP26, HSV-1 used MT and dynein for efficient nuclear targeting. These data suggest that besides VP26, HSV-1 encodes other receptors for dynein or dynactin.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie, OE5230, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30623 Hannover, Germany. Phone: 49-511-532 2846. Fax: 49-511-532 8736. E-mail: Sodeik.Beate{at}MH-Hannover.de.

Journal of Virology, August 2006, p. 8211-8224, Vol. 80, No. 16
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.02528-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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