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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5790-5797, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00138-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Recovery of Avian Metapneumovirus Subgroup C from cDNA: Cross-Recognition of Avian and Human Metapneumovirus Support Proteins

Dhanasekaran Govindarajan,1 Ursula J. Buchholz,2 and Siba K. Samal1*

Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742,1 Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland 208922

Received 20 January 2006/ Accepted 27 March 2006

Avian metapneumovirus (AMPV) causes an acute respiratory disease in turkeys and is associated with "swollen head syndrome" in chickens, contributing to significant economic losses for the U.S. poultry industry. With a long-term goal of developing a better vaccine for controlling AMPV in the United States, we established a reverse genetics system to produce infectious AMPV of subgroup C entirely from cDNA. A cDNA clone encoding the entire 14,150-nucleotide genome of AMPV subgroup C strain Colorado (AMPV/CO) was generated by assembling five cDNA fragments between the T7 RNA polymerase promoter and the autocatalytic hepatitis delta virus ribozyme of a transcription plasmid, pBR 322. Transfection of this plasmid, along with the expression plasmids encoding the N, P, M2-1, and L proteins of AMPV/CO, into cells stably expressing T7 RNA polymerase resulted in the recovery of infectious AMPV/CO. Characterization of the recombinant AMPV/CO showed that its growth properties in tissue culture were similar to those of the parental virus. The potential of AMPV/CO to serve as a viral vector was also assessed by generating another recombinant virus, rAMPV/CO-GFP, that expressed the enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a foreign protein. Interestingly, GFP-expressing AMPV and GFP-expressing human metapneumovirus (HMPV) could be recovered using the support plasmids of either virus, denoting that the genome promoters are conserved between the two metapneumoviruses and can be cross-recognized by the polymerase complex proteins of either virus. These results indicate a close functional relationship between AMPV/CO and HMPV.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, 8075 Greenmead Drive, College Park, MD 20742. Phone: (301) 314-6813. Fax: (301) 314-6855. E-mail: ssamal{at}umd.edu.

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5790-5797, Vol. 80, No. 12
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.00138-06
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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