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Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5292-5300, Vol. 80, No. 11
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01469-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Gag Regulates Association of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope with Detergent-Resistant Membranes

Jayanta Bhattacharya,1,{dagger} Alexander Repik,1 and Paul R. Clapham1,2*

Program in Molecular Medicine, Center for AIDS Research,1 Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Two Biotech, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 016052

Received 14 July 2005/ Accepted 16 March 2006

Assembly of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein on budding virus particles is important for efficient infection of target cells. In infected cells, lipid rafts have been proposed to form platforms for virus assembly and budding. Gag precursors partly associate with detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) that are believed to represent lipid rafts. The cytoplasmic domain of the envelope gp41 usually carries palmitate groups that were also reported to confer DRM association. Gag precursors confer budding and carry envelope glycoproteins onto virions via specific Gag-envelope interactions. Thus, specific mutations in both the matrix domain of the Gag precursor and gp41 cytoplasmic domain abrogate envelope incorporation onto virions. Here, we show that HIV-1 envelope association with DRMs is directly influenced by its interaction with Gag. Thus, in the absence of Gag, envelope fails to associate with DRMs. A mutation in the p17 matrix (L30E) domain in Gag (Gag L30E) that abrogates envelope incorporation onto virions also eliminated envelope association with DRMs in 293T cells and in the T-cell line, MOLT 4. These observations are consistent with a requirement for an Env-Gag interaction for raft association and subsequent assembly onto virions. In addition to this observation, we found that mutations in the gp41 cytoplasmic domain that abrogated envelope incorporation onto virions and impaired infectivity of cell-free virus also eliminated envelope association with DRMs. On the basis of these observations, we propose that Gag-envelope interaction is essential for efficient envelope association with DRMs, which in turn is essential for envelope budding and assembly onto virus particles.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Program in Molecular Medicine, Center for AIDS Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605. Phone: (508) 856-6281. Fax: (508) 856-4283. E-mail: paul.clapham{at}umassmed.edu.

{dagger} Present address: Department of Molecular Virology, National AIDS Research Institute, Pune 411026, Maharastra, India.

Journal of Virology, June 2006, p. 5292-5300, Vol. 80, No. 11
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.01469-05
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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