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Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 526-536, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.526-536.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vpx Is Imported into the Nucleus via Importin Alpha-Dependent and -Independent Pathways{dagger}

Prabhat K. Singhal, P. Rajendra Kumar, Malireddi R. K. Subba Rao, Mahesh Kyasani, and Sundarasamy Mahalingam*

Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics, ECIL Road, Hyderabad 500 076, India

Received 24 August 2005/ Accepted 26 September 2005

Vpx protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 2/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) has been implicated in the transport of the viral genome into the nuclei of nondividing cells. The mechanism by which Vpx enters the nucleus remains unknown. Here we have identified two distinct noncanonical nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in Vpx of SIVsmPbj1.9 and defined the pathways for its nuclear import. Although nuclear targeting signals identified here are distinct from known nuclear import signals, translocation of Vpx into the nucleus involves the interaction of its N-terminal NLS (amino acids 20 to 40) or C-terminal NLS (amino acids 65 to 75) with importin alpha and, in the latter case, also with importin beta. Collectively, these results suggest that importins interact with Vpx and ensure the effective import of Vpx into the nucleus to support virus replication in nondividing cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Centre for DNA Fingerprinting and Diagnostics (CDFD), ECIL Road, Nacharam, Hyderabad 500 076, India. Phone: (91-40)-27171478. Fax: (91-40)-27155610. E-mail: maha{at}cdfd.org.in.

{dagger} Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, January 2006, p. 526-536, Vol. 80, No. 1
0022-538X/06/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.80.1.526-536.2006
Copyright © 2006, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Cheng, X., Belshan, M., Ratner, L. (2008). Hsp40 Facilitates Nuclear Import of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 2 Vpx-Mediated Preintegration Complex. J. Virol. 82: 1229-1237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chan, E. Y., Qian, W.-J., Diamond, D. L., Liu, T., Gritsenko, M. A., Monroe, M. E., Camp, D. G. II, Smith, R. D., Katze, M. G. (2007). Quantitative Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected CD4+ Cell Proteome: Dysregulated Cell Cycle Progression and Nuclear Transport Coincide with Robust Virus Production. J. Virol. 81: 7571-7583 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Singhal, P. K., Rajendra Kumar, P., Subba Rao, M. R. K., Mahalingam, S. (2006). Nuclear Export of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vpx Protein. J. Virol. 80: 12271-12282 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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