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Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4610-4618, Vol. 79, No. 8
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.8.4610-4618.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Cellular Protein Daxx Interacts with Avian Sarcoma Virus Integrase and Viral DNA To Repress Viral Transcription

James G. Greger,1,2 Richard A. Katz,1 Alexander M. Ishov,3,{dagger} Gerd G. Maul,3 and Anna Marie Skalka1,2*

Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research,1 Graduate Group in Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,2 Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania3

Received 21 September 2004/ Accepted 19 November 2004

The cellular protein Daxx was identified as an interactor with avian sarcoma virus (ASV) integrase (IN) in a yeast two-hybrid screen. After infection, Daxx-IN interactions were detected by coimmunoprecipitation. An association between Daxx and viral DNA, likely mediated by IN, was also detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Daxx was not required for early events in ASV replication, including integration, as Daxx-null cells were transduced as efficiently as Daxx-expressing cells. However, viral reporter gene expression from ASV-based vectors was substantially higher in the Daxx-null cells than in Daxx-complemented cells. Consistent with this observation, histone deacetylases (HDACs) were found to associate with viral DNA in Daxx-complemented cells but not in Daxx-null cells. Furthermore, Daxx protein was induced in an interferon-like manner upon ASV infection. We conclude that Daxx interacts with an IN-viral DNA complex early after infection and may mediate the repression of viral gene expression via the recruitment of HDACs. Our findings provide a novel example of cellular immunity against viral replication in which viral transcription is repressed via the recruitment of antiviral proteins to the viral DNA.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Fox Chase Cancer Center, Institute for Cancer Research, 333 Cottman Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497. Phone: (215) 728-2490. Fax: (215) 728-2778. E-mail: AM_skalka{at}fccc.edu.

{dagger} Present address: University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.

Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4610-4618, Vol. 79, No. 8
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.8.4610-4618.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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