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Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4460-4469, Vol. 79, No. 7
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.4460-4469.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Alpha/Beta Interferon Response Controls Tissue Tropism and Pathogenicity of Poliovirus

Miki Ida-Hosonuma,1 Takuya Iwasaki,2 Tomoki Yoshikawa,1,3 Noriyo Nagata,3 Yuko Sato,3 Tetsutaro Sata,3 Mitsutoshi Yoneyama,4 Takashi Fujita,4 Choji Taya,5 Hiromichi Yonekawa,5 and Satoshi Koike1*

Department of Microbiology & Immunology,1 Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Tumor Cell Research,4 Department of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research,5 Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo,3 Department of Pathology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan2

Received 29 August 2004/ Accepted 12 November 2004

Poliovirus selectively replicates in neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, although poliovirus receptor (PVR) expression is observed in both the target and nontarget tissues in humans and transgenic mice expressing human PVR (PVR-transgenic mice). We assessed the role of alpha/beta interferon (IFN) in determining tissue tropism by comparing the pathogenesis of the virulent Mahoney strain in PVR-transgenic mice and PVR-transgenic mice deficient in the alpha/beta IFN receptor gene (PVR-transgenic/Ifnar knockout mice). PVR-transgenic/Ifnar knockout mice showed increased susceptibility to poliovirus. After intravenous inoculation, severe lesions positive for the poliovirus antigen were detected in the liver, spleen, and pancreas in addition to the central nervous system. These results suggest that the alpha/beta IFN system plays an important role in determining tissue tropism by protecting nontarget tissues that are potentially susceptible to infection. We subsequently examined the expression of IFN and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in the PVR-transgenic mice. In the nontarget tissues, ISGs were expressed even in the noninfected state, and the expression level increased soon after poliovirus infection. On the contrary, in the target tissues, ISG expression was low in the noninfected state and sufficient response after poliovirus infection was not observed. The results suggest that the unequal IFN response is one of the important determinants for the differential susceptibility of tissues to poliovirus. We consider that poliovirus replication was observed in the nontarget tissues of PVR-transgenic/Ifnar knockout mice because the IFN response was null in all tissues.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Neuroscience, Tokyo Metropolitan Organization for Medical Research, Musashidai, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo 183-8526, Japan. Phone: 81-42-325-3881. Fax: 81-42-321-8678. E-mail: koike{at}tmin.ac.jp.


Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4460-4469, Vol. 79, No. 7
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.4460-4469.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.




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