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Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3846-3850, Vol. 79, No. 6
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3846-3850.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Exogenous ACE2 Expression Allows Refractory Cell Lines To Support Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication

Eric C. Mossel,1* Cheng Huang,1 Krishna Narayanan,1 Shinji Makino,1 Robert B. Tesh,2 and C. J. Peters1,2

Department of Microbiology and Immunology,1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas2

Received 2 August 2004/ Accepted 25 October 2004

Of 30 cell lines and primary cells examined, productive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (Urbani strain) (SARS-CoV) infection after low-multiplicity inoculation was detected in only six: three African green monkey kidney epithelial cell lines (Vero, Vero E6, and MA104), a human colon epithelial line (CaCo-2), a porcine kidney epithelial line [PK(15)], and mink lung epithelial cells (Mv 1 Lu). SARS-CoV produced a lytic infection in Vero, Vero E6, and MA104 cells, but there was no visible cytopathic effect in Caco-2, Mv 1 Lu, or PK(15) cells. Multistep growth kinetics were identical in Vero E6 and MA104 cells, with maximum titer reached 24 h postinoculation (hpi). Virus titer was maximal 96 hpi in CaCo-2 cells, and virus was continually produced from infected CaCo-2 cells for at least 6 weeks after infection. CaCo-2 was the only human cell type of 13 tested that supported efficient SARS-CoV replication. Expression of the SARS-CoV receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), resulted in SARS-CoV replication in all refractory cell lines examined. Titers achieved were variable and dependent upon the method of ACE2 expression.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1619. Phone: (970) 491-7519. Fax: (970) 491-0603. E-mail: ecmossel{at}colostate.edu.

Journal of Virology, March 2005, p. 3846-3850, Vol. 79, No. 6
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.6.3846-3850.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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