This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Phelan, P. E.
Right arrow Articles by Kim, C. H.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Phelan, P. E.
Right arrow Articles by Kim, C. H.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1842-1852, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1842-1852.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of Snakehead Rhabdovirus Infection in Zebrafish (Danio rerio){dagger}

Peter E. Phelan,1,{ddagger} Meagan E. Pressley,1,{ddagger} P. Eckhard Witten,2,3 Mark T. Mellon,1 Sharon Blake,1 and Carol H. Kim1*

Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of Maine, Orono, Maine,1 Zoological Institute, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany,2 Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada3

Received 2 July 2004/ Accepted 7 September 2004

The zebrafish, Danio rerio, has become recognized as a valuable model for the study of development, genetics, and toxicology. Recently, the zebrafish has been recognized as a useful model for infectious disease and immunity. In this study, the pathogenesis and antiviral immune response of zebrafish to experimental snakehead rhabdovirus (SHRV) infection was characterized. Zebrafish 24 h postfertilization to 30 days postfertilization were susceptible to infection by immersion in 106 50% tissue culture infective doses (TCID50) of SHRV/ml, and adult zebrafish were susceptible to infection by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 105 TCID50 of SHRV/ml. Mortalities exceeded 40% in infected fish, and clinical presentation of infection included petechial hemorrhaging, redness of the abdomen, and erratic swim behavior. Virus reisolation and reverse transcription-PCR analysis of the viral nucleocapsid gene confirmed the presence of SHRV. Histological sections of moribund embryonic and juvenile fish revealed necrosis of the pharyngeal epithelium and liver, in addition to congestion of the swim bladder by cell debris. Histopathology in adult fish injected i.p. was confined to the site of injection. The antiviral response in zebrafish was monitored by quantitative real-time PCR analysis of zebrafish interferon (IFN) and Mx expression. IFN and Mx levels were elevated in zebrafish exposed to SHRV, although expression and intensity differed with age and route of infection. This study is the first to examine the pathogenesis of SHRV infection in zebrafish. Furthermore, this study is the first to describe experimental infection of zebrafish embryos with a viral pathogen, which will be important for future experiments involving targeted gene disruption and forward genetic screens.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, 5735 Hitchner Hall, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469. Phone: (207) 581-2803. Fax: (207) 581-2801. E-mail: carolkim{at}maine.edu.

{dagger} Maine Agricultural and Forest Experiment Station publication 2651.

{ddagger} P.E.P. and M.E.P. contributed equally to this study.

Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1842-1852, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1842-1852.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Sieger, D., Stein, C., Neifer, D., van der Sar, A. M., Leptin, M. (2009). The role of gamma interferon in innate immunity in the zebrafish embryo. DMM 2: 571-581 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sullivan, C., Charette, J., Catchen, J., Lage, C. R., Giasson, G., Postlethwait, J. H., Millard, P. J., Kim, C. H. (2009). The Gene History of Zebrafish tlr4a and tlr4b Is Predictive of Their Divergent Functions. J. Immunol. 183: 5896-5908 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Aggad, D., Mazel, M., Boudinot, P., Mogensen, K. E., Hamming, O. J., Hartmann, R., Kotenko, S., Herbomel, P., Lutfalla, G., Levraud, J.-P. (2009). The Two Groups of Zebrafish Virus-Induced Interferons Signal via Distinct Receptors with Specific and Shared Chains. J. Immunol. 183: 3924-3931 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Grimholt, U, Johansen, R, Smith, A J (2009). A review of the need and possible uses for genetically standardized Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in research. Lab Anim 43: 121-126 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Matsuo, A., Oshiumi, H., Tsujita, T., Mitani, H., Kasai, H., Yoshimizu, M., Matsumoto, M., Seya, T. (2008). Teleost TLR22 Recognizes RNA Duplex to Induce IFN and Protect Cells from Birnaviruses. J. Immunol. 181: 3474-3485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nayak, A. S., Lage, C. R., Kim, C. H. (2007). Effects of Low Concentrations of Arsenic on the Innate Immune System of the Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). Toxicol Sci 98: 118-124 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Levraud, J.-P., Boudinot, P., Colin, I., Benmansour, A., Peyrieras, N., Herbomel, P., Lutfalla, G. (2007). Identification of the Zebrafish IFN Receptor: Implications for the Origin of the Vertebrate IFN System. J. Immunol. 178: 4385-4394 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sullivan, C., Postlethwait, J. H., Lage, C. R., Millard, P. J., Kim, C. H. (2007). Evidence for Evolving Toll-IL-1 Receptor-Containing Adaptor Molecule Function in Vertebrates. J. Immunol. 178: 4517-4527 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lage, C. R., Nayak, A., Kim, C. H. (2006). Arsenic ecotoxicology and innate immunity. Integr. Comp. Biol. 46: 1040-1054 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Furusawa, R., Okinaka, Y., Nakai, T. (2006). Betanodavirus infection in the freshwater model fish medaka (Oryzias latipes).. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 2333-2339 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»