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Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1543-1551, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1543-1551.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Role of the Simian Virus 5 Fusion Protein N-Terminal Coiled-Coil Domain in Folding and Promotion of Membrane Fusion

Dava S. West, Michael S. Sheehan,{dagger} Patrick K. Segeleon, and Rebecca Ellis Dutch*

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky

Received 28 May 2004/ Accepted 20 September 2004

Formation of a six-helix bundle comprised of three C-terminal heptad repeat regions in antiparallel orientation in the grooves of an N-terminal coiled-coil is critical for promotion of membrane fusion by paramyxovirus fusion (F) proteins. We have examined the effect of mutations in four residues of the N-terminal heptad repeat in the simian virus 5 (SV5) F protein on protein folding, transport, and fusogenic activity. The residues chosen have previously been shown from study of isolated peptides to have differing effects on stability of the N-terminal coiled-coil and six-helix bundle (R. E. Dutch, G. P. Leser, and R. A. Lamb, Virology 254:147-159, 1999). The mutant V154M showed reduced proteolytic cleavage and surface expression, indicating a defect in intracellular transport, though this mutation had no effect when studied in isolated peptides. The mutation I137M, previously shown to lower thermostability of the six-helix bundle, resulted in an F protein which was properly processed and transported to the cell surface but which had reduced fusogenic activity. Finally, mutations at L140M and L161M, previously shown to disrupt {alpha}-helix formation of isolated N-1 peptides but not to affect six-helix bundle formation, resulted in F proteins that were properly processed. Interestingly, the L161M mutant showed increased syncytium formation and promoted fusion at lower temperatures than the wild-type F protein. These results indicate that interactions separate from formation of an N-terminal coiled-coil or six-helix bundle are important in the initial folding and transport of the SV5 F protein and that mutations that destabilize the N-terminal coiled-coil can result in stimulation of membrane fusion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, 800 Rose St., UKMC MN606, Lexington, KY 40536-0298. Phone: (859) 323-1795. Fax: (859) 323-1037. E-mail: rdutc2{at}uky.edu.

{dagger} Deceased.

Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 1543-1551, Vol. 79, No. 3
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1543-1551.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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