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Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 14451-14456, Vol. 79, No. 22
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.22.14451-14456.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Murine Coronavirus with an Extended Host Range Uses Heparan Sulfate as an Entry Receptor

Cornelis A. M. de Haan,* Zhen Li, Eddie te Lintelo, Berend Jan Bosch, Bert Jan Haijema, and Peter J. M. Rottier

Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, The Netherlands

Received 7 July 2005/ Accepted 31 August 2005

Only a relatively few mutations in its spike protein allow the murine coronavirus to switch from a murine-restricted tropism to an extended host range by being passaged in vitro. One such virus that we studied had acquired two putative heparan sulfate-binding sites while preserving another site in the furin-cleavage motif. The adaptation of the virus through the use of heparan sulfate as an attachment/entry receptor was demonstrated by increased heparin binding as well as by inhibition of infection through treatment of cells and the virus with heparinase and heparin, respectively.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2534195. Fax: 31-30-2536723. E-mail: x.haan{at}vet.uu.nl.

{dagger} Present address: Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Science, Beidi Road 2901, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China.

Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 14451-14456, Vol. 79, No. 22
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.22.14451-14456.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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