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Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 13800-13805, Vol. 79, No. 21
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.21.13800-13805.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Fails To Activate Cytokine-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Cultured Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells

Thedi Ziegler,* Sampsa Matikainen, Esa Rönkkö, Pamela Österlund, Maarit Sillanpää, Jukka Sirén, Riku Fagerlund, Milla Immonen, Krister Melén, and Ilkka Julkunen

Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland

Received 14 September 2004/ Accepted 22 July 2005

Activation of host innate immune responses was studied in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SCV)-infected human A549 lung epithelial cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs). In all cell types, SCV-specific subgenomic mRNAs were seen, whereas no expression of SCV proteins was found. No induction of cytokine genes (alpha interferon [IFN-{alpha}], IFN-ß, interleukin-28A/B [IL-28A/B], IL-29, tumor necrosis factor alpha, CCL5, or CXCL10) or IFN-{alpha}/ß-induced MxA gene was seen in SCV-infected A549 cells, macrophages, or DCs. SCV also failed to induce DC maturation (CD86 expression) or enhance major histocompatibility complex class II expression. Our data strongly suggest that SCV fails to activate host cell cytokine gene expression in human macrophages and DCs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Viral Diseases and Immunology, National Public Health Institute, Mannerheimintie 166, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland. Phone: 358-9-4744 8348. Fax: 358-9-4744 8355. E-mail: thedi.ziegler{at}ktl.fi.

Journal of Virology, November 2005, p. 13800-13805, Vol. 79, No. 21
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.21.13800-13805.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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