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Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 966-977, Vol. 79, No. 2
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.966-977.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Genome of Deerpox Virus

C. L. Afonso,1* G. Delhon,1,2 E. R. Tulman,1 Z. Lu,1 A. Zsak,1 V. M. Becerra,3 L. Zsak,1 G. F. Kutish,1 and D. L. Rock1

Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Greenport, New York,1 Area of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina,2 Center for Veterinary Biologicals, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, Iowa3

Received 23 July 2004/ Accepted 30 August 2004

Deerpox virus (DPV), an uncharacterized and unclassified member of the Poxviridae, has been isolated from North American free-ranging mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) exhibiting mucocutaneous disease. Here we report the genomic sequence and comparative analysis of two pathogenic DPV isolates, W-848-83 (W83) and W-1170-84 (W84). The W83 and W84 genomes are 166 and 170 kbp, containing 169 and 170 putative genes, respectively. Nucleotide identity between DPVs is 95% over the central 157 kbp. W83 and W84 share similar gene orders and code for similar replicative, structural, virulence, and host range functions. DPV open reading frames (ORFs) with putative virulence and host range functions include those similar to cytokine receptors (R), including gamma interferon receptor (IFN-{gamma}R), interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R), and type 8 CC-chemokine receptors; cytokine binding proteins (BP), including IL-18BP, IFN-{alpha}/ßBP, and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNFBP); serpins; and homologues of vaccinia virus (VACV) E3L, K3L, and A52R proteins. DPVs also encode distinct forms of major histocompatibility complex class I, C-type lectin-like protein, and transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), a protein not previously described in a mammalian chordopoxvirus. Notably, DPV encodes homologues of cellular endothelin 2 and IL-1R antagonist, novel poxviral genes also likely involved in the manipulation of host responses. W83 and W84 differ from each other by the presence or absence of five ORFs. Specifically, homologues of a CD30 TNFR family protein, swinepox virus SPV019, and VACV E11L core protein are absent in W83, and homologues of TGF-ß1 and lumpy skin disease virus LSDV023 are absent in W84. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that DPVs are genetically distinct from viruses of other characterized poxviral genera and that they likely comprise a new genus within the subfamily Chordopoxvirinae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, P.O. Box 848, Greenport, NY 11944-0848. Phone: (631) 323-3011. Fax: (631) 323-3044. E-mail: cafonso{at}piadc.ars.usda.gov.

Journal of Virology, January 2005, p. 966-977, Vol. 79, No. 2
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.2.966-977.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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