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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 9270-9284, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.9270-9284.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

ERV3 and Related Sequences in Humans: Structure and RNA Expression{dagger}

Ann-Catrin Andersson,1,2 Zhihong Yun,2 Göran O. Sperber,3 Erik Larsson,1,4 and Jonas Blomberg2*

Department of Pathology,1 Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences,2 Unit of Physiology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden,3 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Women and Childrens Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway4

Received 27 September 2004/ Accepted 26 March 2005

The ERV3 locus at chromosome 7q11 is a much studied human endogenous retroviral (HERV) sequence, owing to an env open reading frame (ORF) and placental RNA and protein expression. An analysis of the human genome demonstrated that ERV3 is one of a group of 41 highly related elements (ERV3-like HERVs) which use proline, isoleucine, or arginine tRNA in their primer binding sites. In addition to elements closely related to ERV3, the group included the previously known retinoic acid-inducible element, RRHERVI, also referred to as HERV15, but was separate from the related HERV-E elements. The ERV3-like elements are defective. The only element with an ORF among gag, pro, pol, and env genes was the env ORF of the original ERV3 locus. A search in dbEST revealed ERV3 RNA expression in placenta, skin, carcinoid tumor, and adrenal glands. Expression was also studied with newly developed real-time quantitative PCRs (QPCR) of ERV3 and HERV-E(4-1) env sequences. Results from a novel histone 3.3 RNA QPCR result served as the expression control. QPCR results for ERV3 were compatible with previously published results, with a stronger expression in adrenal gland and placenta than in 15 other human tissues. The expression of the envelope (env) of ERV3 at chromosome 7q11 was also studied by using stringent in situ hybridization. Expression was found in corpus luteum, testis, adrenal gland, Hassal's bodies in thymus, brown fat, pituitary gland, and epithelium of the lung. We conclude that ERV3 env is most strongly expressed in adrenal and sebaceous glands as well as in placenta.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Section of Virology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Academic Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden. Phone: 46-18-665593. Fax: 46-18-551012. E-mail: Jonas.Blomberg{at}medsci.uu.se.

{dagger} Supplementary material for this article may be found at http://jvi.asm.org/.

Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 9270-9284, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.9270-9284.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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