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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8847-8860, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.8847-8860.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Capsids Transit by the trans-Golgi Network, Where Viral Glycoproteins Accumulate Independently of Capsid Egress

Sophie Turcotte, Josée Letellier, and Roger Lippé*

Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7

Received 9 November 2004/ Accepted 21 March 2005

Egress of herpes capsids from the nucleus to the plasma membrane is a complex multistep transport event that is poorly understood. The current model proposes an initial envelopment at the inner nuclear membrane of capsids newly assembled in the nucleus. The capsids are then released in cytosol by fusion with the outer nuclear membrane. They are finally reenveloped at a downstream organelle before traveling to the plasma membrane for their extracellular release. Although the trans-Golgi network (TGN) is often cited as a potential site of reenvelopment, other organelles have also been proposed, including the Golgi, endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment, aggresomes, tegusomes, and early or late endosomes. To clarify this important issue, we followed herpes simplex virus type 1 egress by immunofluorescence under conditions that slowed intracellular transport and promoted the accumulation of the otherwise transient reenvelopment intermediate. The data show that the capsids transit by the TGN and point to this compartment as the main reenvelopment site, although a contribution by endosomes cannot formally be excluded. Given that viral glycoproteins are expected to accumulate where capsids acquire their envelope, we examined this prediction and found that all tested could indeed be detected at the TGN. Moreover, this accumulation occurred independently of capsid egress. Surprisingly, capsids were often found immediately adjacent to the viral glycoproteins at the TGN.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Succursale Centre-Ville Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3J7. Phone: (514) 343-5616. Fax: (514) 343-5755. E-mail: roger.lippe{at}umontreal.ca.

Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8847-8860, Vol. 79, No. 14
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.14.8847-8860.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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