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Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8560-8571, Vol. 79, No. 13
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8560-8571.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Characterization of a Novel vpu-Harboring Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from a Dent's Mona Monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti)

Marie-Christine Dazza,1 Michel Ekwalanga,2 Monique Nende,3 Karhemere Bin Shamamba,2 Pitchou Bitshi,3 Dimitrios Paraskevis,4,5 and Sentob Saragosti1*

IMEA-INSERM U552, Hôpital Bichat, 75018 Paris, France,1 Laboratoire de virologie, INRB, La Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo,2 Zoological garden, La Gombe, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo,3 National Retrovirus Reference Center, Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece,4 Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium5

Received 3 January 2005/ Accepted 24 February 2005

We report the identification of a new simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), designated SIVden, in a naturally infected Dent's Mona monkey (Cercopithecus mona denti), which was kept as pet in Kinshasa, capital of the Democratic Republic of Congo. SIVden is genetically distinct from the previously characterized primate lentiviruses. Analysis of the full-length genomic sequence revealed the presence of a vpu open reading frame. This gene is also found in the virus lineage of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and chimpanzee immunodeficiency virus (SIVcpz) and was recently described in viruses isolated from Cercopithecus nictitans, Cercopithecus mona, and Cercopithecus cephus. The SIVden vpu coding region is shorter than the HIV-1/SIVcpz and the SIVgsn, SIVmon, and SIVmus counterparts. Unlike Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii viruses (SIVcpzPts) and Cercopithecus monkey viruses (SIVgsn, SIVmon, and SIVmus), the SIVden Vpu contains the characteristic DSGXES motif which was shown to be involved in Vpu-mediated CD4 and I{kappa}B{alpha} proteolysis in HIV-1 infected cells. Although it harbors a vpu gene, SIVden is phylogenetically closer to SIVdeb isolated from De Brazza's monkeys (Cercopithecus neglectus), which lacks a vpu gene, than to Cercopithecus monkey viruses, which harbor a vpu sequence.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: IMEA-INSERM U552, 46 Rue Henri Huchard, 75018 Paris, France. Phone: 33 1 40 25 63 62. Fax: 33 1 40 25 63 70. E-mail: saragost{at}bichat.inserm.fr.

Journal of Virology, July 2005, p. 8560-8571, Vol. 79, No. 13
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.13.8560-8571.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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