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Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7617-7628, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7617-7628.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

I{kappa}ß-Related vankyrin Genes in the Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus: Temporal and Tissue-Specific Patterns of Expression in Parasitized Heliothis virescens Lepidopteran Hosts{dagger}

Jeremy A. Kroemer and Bruce A. Webb*

University of Kentucky, Department of Entomology, S-225 Agricultural Sciences Center North, Lexington, Kentucky 40546

Received 8 December 2004/ Accepted 7 March 2005

Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are unusual insect viruses that occur in obligate symbiotic associations with parasitic ichneumonid (ichnoviruses, or IVs) and braconid (bracoviruses, or BVs) wasps. PDVs are injected with eggs, ovarian proteins, and venom during parasitization. Following infection of cells in host tissues, viral genes are expressed and their products function to alter lepidopteran host physiology, enabling endoparasitoid development. Here we describe the Campoletis sonorensis IV viral ankyrin (vankyrin) gene family and its transcription. The seven members of this gene family possess ankyrin repeat domains that resemble the inhibitory domains of the Drosophila melanogaster NF-{kappa}ß transcription factor inhibitor (I{kappa}ß) cactus. vankyrin gene expression is detected within 2 to 4 h postparasitization (p.p.) in Heliothis virescens hosts and reaches peak levels by 3 days p.p. Our data indicate that vankyrin genes from the C. sonorensis IV genome are differentially expressed in the tissues of parasitized hosts and can be divided into two subclasses: those that target the host fat body and those that target host hemocytes. Polyclonal antibodies raised against a fat-body targeting vankyrin detected a 19-kDa protein in crude extracts prepared from the 3 days p.p. fat body. Vankyrin-specific Abs localized to 3-day p.p. fat-body and hemocyte nuclei, suggesting a role for vankyrin proteins in the nuclei of C. sonorensis IV-infected cells. These data are evidence for divergent tissue specificities and targeting of multigene families in IVs. We hypothesize that PDV vankyrin genes may suppress NF-{kappa}ß activity during immune responses and developmental cascades in parasitized lepidopteran hosts of C. sonorensis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: University of Kentucky, Department of Entomology, S-225 Agricultural Sciences Center North, Lexington, KY 40546. Phone: (859) 257-7415. Fax: (859) 323-1120. E-mail: bawebb{at}uky.edu.

{dagger} Publication #04-08-168 of the University of Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station.

Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7617-7628, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7617-7628.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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