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Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7396-7401, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7396-7401.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Exonuclease and Host Shutoff Functions of the SOX Protein of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Are Genetically Separable

Britt Glaunsinger, Leonard Chavez, and Don Ganem*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute and G.W. Hooper Foundation, Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143-0552

Received 11 February 2005/ Accepted 22 February 2005

The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) SOX protein, encoded by ORF37, promotes shutoff of host cell gene expression during lytic viral replication by dramatically impairing mRNA accumulation. SOX is the KSHV homolog of the alkaline exonuclease of other herpesviruses, which has been shown to function as a DNase involved in processing and packaging the viral genome. Although the exonuclease activity of these proteins is widely conserved across all herpesviruses, the host shutoff activity observed for KSHV SOX is not. We show here that SOX expression sharply reduces the half-life of target mRNAs. Extensive mutational analysis reveals that the DNase and host shutoff activities of SOX are genetically separable. Lesions affecting the DNase activity cluster in conserved regions of the protein, but residues critical for mRNA degradation are not conserved across the viral family. Additionally, we present evidence suggesting that the two different functions of SOX occur within distinct cellular compartments—DNase activity in the nucleus and host shutoff activity in the cytoplasm.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Departments of Microbiology and Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute and G.W. Hooper Foundation, University of California, 513 Parnassus Ave., San Francisco, CA 94143-0552. Phone: (415) 476-2826. Fax: (415) 476-0939. E-mail: ganem{at}cgl.ucsf.edu.

Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7396-7401, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7396-7401.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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