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Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7319-7326, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7319-7326.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Peptide Antagonists That Inhibit Sin Nombre Virus and Hantaan Virus Entry through the ß3-Integrin Receptor

Richard S. Larson,* David C. Brown, Chunyan Ye, and Brian Hjelle

Department of Pathology, Infectious Diseases and Inflammation Program, UNM School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico

Received 4 October 2004/ Accepted 11 February 2005

Specific therapy is not available for the treatment of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome caused by Sin Nombre virus (SNV). The entry of pathogenic hantaviruses into susceptible human cells is dependent upon expression of the {alpha}vß3 integrin, and transfection of human ß3 integrin is sufficient to confer infectibility onto CHO (Chinese hamster ovary) cells. Furthermore, pretreatment of susceptible cells with anti-ß3 antibodies such as c7E3 or its Fab fragment ReoPro prevents hantavirus entry. By using repeated selection of a cyclic nonamer peptide phage display library on purified {alpha}vß3, we identified 70 peptides that were competitively eluted with ReoPro. Each of these peptides was examined for its ability to reduce the number of foci of SNV strain SN77734 in a fluorescence-based focus reduction assay according to the method of Gavrilovskaya et al. (I. N. Gavrilovskaya, M. Shepley, R. Shaw, M. H. Ginsberg, and E. R. Mackow, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:7074-7079, 1998). We found that 11 peptides reduced the number of foci to a greater extent than did 80 µg/ml ReoPro when preincubated with Vero E6 cells. In addition, 8 of the 70 peptides had sequence similarity to SNV glycoproteins. We compared all 18 peptide sequences (10 most potent, 7 peptides with sequence similarity to hantavirus glycoproteins, and 1 peptide that was in the group that displayed the greatest potency and had significant sequence similarity) for their abilities to inhibit SNV, Hantaan virus (HTNV), and Prospect Hill virus (PHV) infection. There was a marked trend for the peptides to inhibit SNV and HTNV to a greater extent than they inhibited PHV, a finding that supports the contention that SNV and HTNV use ß3 integrins and PHV uses a different receptor, ß1 integrin. We then chemically synthesized the four peptides that showed the greatest ability to neutralize SNV. These peptides inhibited viral entry in vitro as free peptides outside of the context of a phage. Some combinations of peptides proved more inhibitory than did individual peptides. In all, we have identified novel peptides that inhibit entry by SNV and HTNV via ß3 integrins and that can be used as lead compounds for further structural optimization and consequent enhancement of activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: UNM School of Medicine, 2325 Camino de Salud, CRF 223, Albuquerque, NM 87131. Phone: (505) 272-9762. Fax: (505) 272-5186. E-mail: rlarson{at}salud.unm.edu.

Journal of Virology, June 2005, p. 7319-7326, Vol. 79, No. 12
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.12.7319-7326.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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