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Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 6441-6448, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6441-6448.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Interleukin-1 Is Responsible for Acute Lung Immunopathology but Increases Survival of Respiratory Influenza Virus Infection

Nicole Schmitz,1 Michael Kurrer,2 Martin F. Bachmann,3 and Manfred Kopf1*

Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland,1 Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland,2 Cytos Biotechnology AG, Zurich-Schlieren, Switzerland3

Received 26 April 2004/ Accepted 3 January 2005

Interleukin-1{alpha} (IL-1{alpha}) and IL-1ß are proinflammatory cytokines, which induce a plethora of genes and activities by binding to the type 1 IL-1 receptor (IL-1R1). We have investigated the role of IL-1 during pulmonary antiviral immune responses in IL-1R1–/– mice infected with influenza virus. IL-1R1–/– mice showed markedly reduced inflammatory pathology in the lung, primarily due to impaired neutrophil recruitment. Activation of CD4+ T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and subsequent migration to the lung were impaired in the absence of IL-1R1. In contrast, activation of virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and killing of virus-infected cells in the lung were intact. Influenza virus-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA antibody responses were intact, while the IgM response was markedly reduced in both serum and mucosal sites in IL-1R1–/– mice. We found significantly increased mortality in the absence of IL-1R1; however, lung viral titers were only moderately increased. Our results demonstrate that IL-1{alpha}/ß mediate acute pulmonary inflammatory pathology while enhancing survival during influenza virus infection. IL-1{alpha}/ß appear not to influence killing of virus-infected cells but to enhance IgM antibody responses and recruitment of CD4+ T cells to the site of infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Molecular Biomedicine, ETH Zurich, Wagistrasse 27, 8952 Zurich, Switzerland. Phone: 41-1-6336470. Fax: 41-1-6331350. E-mail: Manfred.Kopf{at}ethz.ch.

Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 6441-6448, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6441-6448.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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