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Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 6089-6101, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6089-6101.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Biologic and Genetic Characterization of a Panel of 60 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates, Representing Clades A, B, C, D, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG, for the Development and Assessment of Candidate Vaccines

Bruce K. Brown,1 Janice M. Darden,1,2 Sodsai Tovanabutra,1 Tamara Oblander,1 Julie Frost,1 Eric Sanders-Buell,1 Mark S. de Souza,3 Deborah L. Birx,4 Francine E. McCutchan,1 and Victoria R. Polonis1*

Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Rockville, Maryland,1 The Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,2 Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand,3 Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland4

Received 27 August 2004/ Accepted 6 January 2005

A critical priority for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine development is standardization of reagents and assays for evaluation of immune responses elicited by candidate vaccines. To provide a panel of viral reagents from multiple vaccine trial sites, 60 international HIV-1 isolates were expanded in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and characterized both genetically and biologically. Ten isolates each from clades A, B, C, and D and 10 isolates each from CRF01_AE and CRF02_AG were prepared from individuals whose HIV-1 infection was evaluated by complete genome sequencing. The main criterion for selection was that the candidate isolate was pure clade or pure circulating recombinant. After expansion in culture, the complete envelope (gp160) of each isolate was verified by sequencing. The 50% tissue culture infectious dose and p24 antigen concentration for each viral stock were determined; no correlation between these two biologic parameters was found. Syncytium formation in MT-2 cells and CCR5 or CXCR4 coreceptor usage were determined for all isolates. Isolates were also screened for neutralization by soluble CD4, a cocktail of monoclonal antibodies, and a pool of HIV-1-positive patient sera. The panel consists of 49 nonsyncytium-inducing isolates that use CCR5 as a major coreceptor and 11 syncytium-inducing isolates that use only CXCR4 or both coreceptors. Neutralization profiles suggest that the panel contains both neutralization-sensitive and -resistant isolates. This collection of HIV-1 isolates represents the six major globally prevalent strains, is exceptionally large and well characterized, and provides an important resource for standardization of immunogenicity assessment in HIV-1 vaccine trials.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Henry M. Jackson Foundation, 13 Taft Court, Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850. Phone: (301) 251-8308. Fax: (301) 762-4177. E-mail: vpolonis{at}hivresearch.org.

Journal of Virology, May 2005, p. 6089-6101, Vol. 79, No. 10
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.10.6089-6101.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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