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Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 4342-4351, Vol. 78, No. 8
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4342-4351.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Reptilian Reovirus Utilizes a Small Type III Protein with an External Myristylated Amino Terminus To Mediate Cell-Cell Fusion

Jennifer A. Corcoran and Roy Duncan*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7,

Received 18 September 2003/ Accepted 16 December 2003

Reptilian reovirus is one of a limited number of nonenveloped viruses that are capable of inducing cell-cell fusion. A small, hydrophobic, basic, 125-amino-acid fusion protein encoded by the first open reading frame of a bicistronic viral mRNA is responsible for this fusion activity. Sequence comparisons to previously characterized reovirus fusion proteins indicated that p14 represents a new member of the fusion-associated small transmembrane (FAST) protein family. Topological analysis revealed that p14 is a representative of a minor subset of integral membrane proteins, the type III proteins Nexoplasmic/Ccytoplasmic (Nexo/Ccyt), that lack a cleavable signal sequence and use an internal reverse signal-anchor sequence to direct membrane insertion and protein topology. This topology results in the unexpected, cotranslational translocation of the essential myristylated N-terminal domain of p14 across the cell membrane. The topology and structural motifs present in this novel reovirus membrane fusion protein further accentuate the diversity and unusual properties of the FAST protein family and clearly indicate that the FAST proteins represent a third distinct class of viral membrane fusion proteins.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tupper Medical Building, Room 7S, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4H7. Phone: (902) 494-6770. Fax: (902) 494-5125. E-mail: roy.duncan{at}dal.ca.

Journal of Virology, April 2004, p. 4342-4351, Vol. 78, No. 8
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.8.4342-4351.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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