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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10442-10448, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10442-10448.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Induction of Antiviral Immunity by Double-Stranded RNA in a Marine Invertebrate{dagger}

Javier Robalino,1 Craig L. Browdy,2 Sarah Prior,2 Adrienne Metz,2 Pamela Parnell,3 Paul Gross,1,4 and Gregory Warr1,4*

Center of Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences,1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina,4 Marine Resources Research Institute, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, Charleston,2 Clemson Veterinary Diagnostic Center, Columbia, South Carolina3

Received 16 February 2004/ Accepted 8 May 2004

Vertebrates mount a strong innate immune response against viruses, largely by activating the interferon system. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a common intermediate formed during the life cycle of many viruses, is a potent trigger of this response. In contrast, no general inducible antiviral defense mechanism has been reported in any invertebrate. Here we show that dsRNA induces antiviral protection in the marine crustacean Litopenaeus vannamei. When treated with dsRNA, shrimp showed increased resistance to infection by two unrelated viruses, white spot syndrome virus and Taura syndrome virus. Induction of this antiviral state is independent of the sequence of the dsRNA used and therefore distinct from the sequence-specific dsRNA-mediated genetic interference phenomenon. This demonstrates for the first time that an invertebrate immune system, like its vertebrate counterparts, can recognize dsRNA as a virus-associated molecular pattern, resulting in the activation of an innate antiviral response.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Medical University of South Carolina, Hollings Marine Laboratory, 331 Ft. Johnson Rd., Charleston, SC 29412. Phone: (843) 762-8869. Fax: (843) 762-8737. E-mail: warrgw{at}musc.edu.

{dagger} This is contribution no. 547 from the South Carolina Marine Resources Division and no. 8 from the Marine Biomedicine and Environmental Sciences Center.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10442-10448, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10442-10448.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

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