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Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10258-10264, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10258-10264.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Defining T-Cell-Mediated Immune Responses in Rotavirus-Infected Juvenile Rhesus Macaques

K. Sestak,1* M. M. McNeal,2 A. Choi,2 M. J. Cole,1 G. Ramesh,1 X. Alvarez,1 P. P. Aye,1 R. P. Bohm,1 M. Mohamadzadeh,3 and R. L. Ward2

Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington,1 Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana,3 Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio2

Received 19 February 2004/ Accepted 24 May 2004

The appearance of virus-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T lymphocytes in peripheral blood of captive juvenile rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) was observed following rotavirus infection. These cell-mediated immune responses were measured following experimental or natural infection after rotavirus was isolated from stool specimens of asymptomatic animals. The virus isolated was a new strain of simian rotavirus that we named TUCH (for Tulane University and Cincinnati Children's Hospital). Restimulation of peripheral T lymphocytes by inactivated double- or triple-layered TUCH rotavirus particles containing either VP6 or VP4 and VP7 on their respective surfaces resulted in increased quantities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-12 in cell culture supernatants. Recall responses to rotavirus by CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were associated with accumulation of intracellular IL-6 and gamma interferon. Antigen presentation of TUCH rotavirus to lymphocytes was mediated via differentiated cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic (HLA-DR+) cells. This is the first report demonstrating cell-mediated immune responses to rotavirus in nonhuman primates. Further exploration of rhesus macaques in vaccine trials with human rotavirus vaccine candidates is the major objective of future studies.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd., Covington, LA 70433. Phone: (985) 871-6409. Fax: (985) 871-6248. E-mail: ksestak{at}tulane.edu.

Journal of Virology, October 2004, p. 10258-10264, Vol. 78, No. 19
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.19.10258-10264.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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