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Journal of Virology, September 2004, p. 10178-10186, Vol. 78, No. 18
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10178-10186.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

During Lytic Infection Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Associated with Histones Bearing Modifications That Correlate with Active Transcription

J. R. Kent,1,{dagger} P.-Y. Zeng,2,{dagger} D. Atanasiu,1 J. Gardner,1 N. W. Fraser,1* and S. L. Berger2*

Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine,1 The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2

Received 3 February 2004/ Accepted 26 April 2004

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a large (150-kb) double-stranded DNA virus that forms latent infections in neuronal cells of the human peripheral nervous system. Previous work determined that the HSV-1 genome is found in an ordered nucleosomal structure during latent infection. However, during lytic infection, it was unclear whether viral DNA was in a chromatin state. We examined HSV-1 during lytic infection using micrococcal nuclease digestion and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The HSV-1 genome is at least partially nucleosomal, although apparently not in a regular repeating structure. Analysis of histones associated with HSV-1, within both the promoter and the transcribed regions, revealed covalent amino tail modifications similar to those associated with active host mammalian genes. Certain of the modifications were detected in the temporal order expected of the immediate-early, early, and late gene classes. These data suggest that productive infection may be accompanied by acquisition of a permissive chromatin state.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Shelley L. Berger: The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St., Room 389, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-3922. Fax: (215) 898-0663. E-mail: berger{at}wistar.upenn.edu. Mailing address for Nigel Fraser: Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 3610 Hamilton Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104. Phone: (215) 898-3847. Fax: (215) 898-3849. E-mail: nfraser{at}mail.med.upenn.edu.

{dagger} J.R.K. and P.-Y.Z. contributed equally to this work.

Journal of Virology, September 2004, p. 10178-10186, Vol. 78, No. 18
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.18.10178-10186.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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