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Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8701-8708, Vol. 78, No. 16
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8701-8708.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Coronavirus 229E Binds to CD13 in Rafts and Enters the Cell through Caveolae

Ryuji Nomura,1* Asuka Kiyota,2 Etsuko Suzaki,2 Katsuko Kataoka,2 Yoshihide Ohe,3 Kaoru Miyamoto,4 Takao Senda,1 and Toyoshi Fujimoto5

Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192,1 Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8551,2 Biosignal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi 371-8512,3 Department of Biochemistry, Fukui Medical University, Matsuoka 910-1193,4 Department of Anatomy and Molecular Cell Biology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan5

Received 14 May 2003/ Accepted 11 May 2004

CD13, a receptor for human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E), was identified as a major component of the Triton X-100-resistant membrane microdomain in human fibroblasts. The incubation of living fibroblasts with an anti-CD13 antibody on ice gave punctate labeling that was evenly distributed on the cell surface, but raising the temperature to 37°C before fixation caused aggregation of the labeling. The aggregated labeling of CD13 colocalized with caveolin-1 in most cells. The HCoV-229E virus particle showed a binding and redistribution pattern that was similar to that caused by the anti-CD13 antibody: the virus bound to the cell evenly when incubated on ice but became colocalized with caveolin-1 at 37°C; importantly, the virus also caused sequestration of CD13 to the caveolin-1-positive area. Electron microscopy confirmed that HCoV-229E was localized near or at the orifice of caveolae after incubation at 37°C. The depletion of plasmalemmal cholesterol with methyl ß-cyclodextrin significantly reduced the HCoV-229E redistribution and subsequent infection. A caveolin-1 knockdown by RNA interference also reduced the HCoV-229E infection considerably. The results indicate that HCoV-229E first binds to CD13 in the Triton X-100-resistant microdomain, then clusters CD13 by cross-linking, and thereby reaches the caveolar region before entering cells.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Anatomy I, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan. Phone: 81-562-93-2648. Fax: 81-562-93-5904. E-mail: rnomura{at}fujita-hu.ac.jp.


Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8701-8708, Vol. 78, No. 16
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.16.8701-8708.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.




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