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Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8172-8182, Vol. 78, No. 15
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.8172-8182.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Calicivirus 3C-Like Proteinase Inhibits Cellular Translation by Cleavage of Poly(A)-Binding Protein

Muge Kuyumcu-Martinez,1 Gaël Belliot,2 Stanislav V. Sosnovtsev,2 Kyeong-Ok Chang,2 Kim Y. Green,2 and Richard E. Lloyd1*

Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,1 Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208922

Received 23 December 2003/ Accepted 23 March 2004

Caliciviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses that cause a wide range of diseases in both humans and animals, but little is known about the regulation of cellular translation during infection. We used two distinct calicivirus strains, MD145-12 (genus Norovirus) and feline calicivirus (FCV) (genus Vesivirus), to investigate potential strategies used by the caliciviruses to inhibit cellular translation. Recombinant 3C-like proteinases (r3CLpro) from norovirus and FCV were found to cleave poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) in the absence of other viral proteins. The norovirus r3CLpro PABP cleavage products were indistinguishable from those generated by poliovirus (PV) 3Cpro cleavage, while the FCV r3CLpro products differed due to cleavage at an alternate cleavage site 24 amino acids downstream of one of the PV 3Cpro cleavage sites. All cleavages by calicivirus or PV proteases separated the C-terminal domain of PABP that binds translation factors eIF4B and eRF3 from the N-terminal RNA-binding domain of PABP. The effect of PABP cleavage by the norovirus r3CLpro was analyzed in HeLa cell translation extracts, and the presence of r3CLpro inhibited translation of both endogenous and exogenous mRNAs. Translation inhibition was poly(A) dependent, and replenishment of the extracts with PABP restored translation. Analysis of FCV-infected feline kidney cells showed that the levels of de novo cellular protein synthesis decreased over time as virus-specific proteins accumulated, and cleavage of PABP occurred in virus-infected cells. Our data indicate that the calicivirus 3CLpro, like PV 3Cpro, mediates the cleavage of PABP as part of its strategy to inhibit cellular translation. PABP cleavage may be a common mechanism among certain virus families to manipulate cellular translation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, 739E, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 798-8993. Fax: (713) 798-5075. E-mail: rlloyd{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Journal of Virology, August 2004, p. 8172-8182, Vol. 78, No. 15
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.15.8172-8182.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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