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Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7553-7564, Vol. 78, No. 14
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7553-7564.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Cellular Distribution of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase and Its Interaction with Gag during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly

Rabih Halwani,1,2 Shan Cen,1 Hassan Javanbakht,1,2 Jenan Saadatmand,1,2 Sunghoon Kim,3 Kiyotaka Shiba,4 and Lawrence Kleiman1,2,5*

Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Center, Jewish General Hospital,1 Departments of Medicine,2 Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2,5 National Creative Research Initiatives Center for ARS Network, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shillim-dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-741, Republic of Korea,3 Department of Cell Biology, Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Kami-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170, Japan4

Received 17 November 2003/ Accepted 6 March 2004

Lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) is packaged into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) via its interaction with Gag, and this enzyme facilitates the selective packaging of tRNA3Lys, the primer for initiating reverse transcription, into HIV-1. The Gag/LysRS interaction is detected at detergent-resistant membrane but not in membrane-free cell compartments that contain Gag and LysRS. LysRS is found (i) in the nucleus, (ii) in a cytoplasmic high-molecular-weight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex (HMW aaRS complex), (iii) in mitochondria, and (iv) associated with plasma membrane. The cytoplasmic form of LysRS lacking the mitochondrial import signal was previously shown to be efficiently packaged into virions, and in this report we also show that LysRS compartments in nuclei, in the HMW aaRS complex, and at the membrane are also not required as a primary source for viral LysRS. Exogenous mutant LysRS species unable to either enter the nucleus or bind to the cell membrane are still incorporated into virions. Many HMW aaRS components are not packaged into the virion along with LysRS, and the interaction of LysRS with p38, a protein that binds tightly to LysRS in the HMW aaRS complex, is not required for the incorporation of LysRS into virions. These data indicate that newly synthesized LysRS may interact rapidly with Gag before the enzyme has the opportunity to move to the above-mentioned cellular compartments. In confirmation of this idea, we found that newly synthesized LysRS is associated with Gag after a 10-min pulse with [35S]cysteine/methionine. This observation is also supported by previous work indicating that the incorporation of LysRS into HIV-1 is very sensitive to the inhibition of new synthesis of LysRS.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, 3755 Cote Ste-Catherine Rd., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1E2. Phone: (514) 340-8260. Fax: (514) 340-7502. E-mail: lawrence.kleiman{at}mcgill.ca.

Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7553-7564, Vol. 78, No. 14
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7553-7564.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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