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Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7455-7464, Vol. 78, No. 14
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7455-7464.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Three Novel cis-Acting Elements Required for Efficient Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis of the Hepatitis B Virus Genome

Jehan Lee, Myeong-Kyun Shin, Hye-Jin Lee, Gyesoon Yoon, and Wang-Shick Ryu*

Department of Biochemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea

Received 12 January 2004/ Accepted 9 March 2004

Synthesis of the relaxed-circular (RC) DNA genomes of hepadnaviruses by reverse transcriptase involves two template switches during plus-strand DNA synthesis. These template switches require repeat sequences (so-called donor and acceptor sites) between which a complementary strand of nucleic acid is transferred. To determine cis-acting elements apart from the donor and acceptor sites that are required for plus-strand RC DNA synthesis by hepatitis B virus (HBV), a series of mutants bearing a small deletion were made and analyzed for their impact on the viral genome synthesis. We found three novel cis-acting elements in the HBV genome: one element, located in the middle of the minus strand, is indispensable, whereas the other two elements, located near either end of the minus strand, contribute modestly to the plus-strand RC DNA synthesis. The data indicated that the first element facilitates plus-strand RNA primer translocation or subsequent elongation during plus-strand RC DNA synthesis, while the last two elements, although distantly located on the minus strand, act at multiple steps to promote plus-strand RC DNA synthesis. The necessity of multiple cis-acting elements on the minus-strand template reflects the complex nature of hepadnavirus reverse transcription.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: 134 Shinchondong, Seodaemungu, Seoul 120-749, Korea. Phone: 82-2-2123-2708. Fax: 82-2-312-3684. E-mail: wsryu{at}yonsei.ac.kr.

Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7455-7464, Vol. 78, No. 14
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.14.7455-7464.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Wang, H., Kim, S., Ryu, W.-S. (2009). DDX3 DEAD-Box RNA Helicase Inhibits Hepatitis B Virus Reverse Transcription by Incorporation into Nucleocapsids. J. Virol. 83: 5815-5824 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lewellyn, E. B., Loeb, D. D. (2007). Base Pairing between cis-Acting Sequences Contributes to Template Switching during Plus-Strand DNA Synthesis in Human Hepatitis B Virus. J. Virol. 81: 6207-6215 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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