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Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7036-7051, Vol. 78, No. 13
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.7036-7051.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Sequence Analysis of the Genome of the Neodiprion sertifer Nucleopolyhedrovirus{dagger}

Alejandra Garcia-Maruniak, James E. Maruniak,* Paolo M. A. Zanotto,{ddagger} Aissa E. Doumbouya, Jaw-Ching Liu,§ Thomas M. Merritt,|| and Jennifer S. Lanoie

Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-0620

Received 16 February 2004/ Accepted 5 April 2004

The genome of the Neodiprion sertifer nucleopolyhedrovirus (NeseNPV), which infects the European pine sawfly, N. sertifer (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), was sequenced and analyzed. The genome was 86,462 bp in size. The C+G content of 34% was lower than that of the majority of baculoviruses. A total of 90 methionine-initiated open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 50 amino acids and minimal overlapping were found. From those, 43 ORFs were homologous to other baculovirus ORFs, and 29 of these were from the 30 conserved core genes among all baculoviruses. A NeseNPV homolog to the ld130 gene, which is present in all other baculovirus genomes sequenced to date, could not be identified. Six NeseNPV ORFs were similar to non-baculovirus-related genes, one of which was a trypsin-like gene. Only one iap gene, containing a single BIR motif and a RING finger, was found in NeseNPV. Two NeseNPV ORFs (nese18 and nese19) were duplicates transcribed in opposite orientations from each other. NeseNPV did not have an AcMNPV ORF 2 homolog characterized as the baculovirus repeat ORF (bro). Six homologous regions (hrs) were located within the NeseNPV genome, each containing small palindromes embedded within direct repeats. A phylogenetic analysis was done to root the tree based upon the sequences of DNA polymerase genes of NeseNPV, 23 other baculoviruses, and other phyla. Baculovirus phylogeny was then constructed with 29 conserved genes from 24 baculovirus genomes. Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV) was the most distantly related baculovirus, branching to the hymenopteran NeseNPV and the lepidopteran nucleopolyhedroviruses and granuloviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Bldg. 970, Natural Area Dr., Gainesville, FL 32611-0620. Phone: (352) 392-1901, ext. 148. Fax: (352) 392-0290. E-mail: jem{at}mail.ifas.ufl.edu.

{dagger} Florida Agricultural Experiment Station journal series no. R-09762.

{ddagger} Present address: LEMB—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas—USP, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

§ Present address: Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054.

|| Present address: Department of Pediatrics, Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030.

Journal of Virology, July 2004, p. 7036-7051, Vol. 78, No. 13
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.13.7036-7051.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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