This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Tsui, R.
Right arrow Articles by Delwart, E. L.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Tsui, R.
Right arrow Articles by Delwart, E. L.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 94-103, Vol. 78, No. 1
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.94-103.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection Was Not Detected following 215 Years of Injection Drug User Exposure

Rose Tsui,1 Belinda L. Herring,1,2 Jason D. Barbour,3 Robert M. Grant,3 Peter Bacchetti,4 Alex Kral,5 Brian R. Edlin,5,6 and Eric L. Delwart1,2*

Blood Systems Research Institute,1 and Department of Medicine,2 Center for Bioinformatics and Molecular Biostatistics,4 Urban Health Study, University of California, San Francisco,5 Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco, California,3 Center for the Study of Hepatitis C, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York6

Received 2 July 2003/ Accepted 26 September 2003

Evidence for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) superinfection was sought among 37 HIV-1-positive street-recruited active injection drug users (IDUs) from the San Francisco Bay area. HIV-1 sequences from pairs of samples collected 1 to 12 years apart, spanning a total of 215 years of exposure, were generated at p17 gag, the V3-V5 region of env, and/or the first exon of tat and phylogenetically analyzed. No evidence of HIV-1 superinfection was detected in which a highly divergent HIV-1 variant emerged at a frequency >20% of the serum viral quasispecies. Based on the reported risk behavior of the IDUs and the HIV-1 incidence in uninfected subjects in the same cohort, a total of 3.4 new infections would have been expected if existing infection conferred no protection from superinfection. Adjusted for risk behaviors, the estimated relative risk of superinfection compared with initial infection was therefore 0.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.00, 0.79; P = 0.02), indicating that existing infection conferred a statistically significant level of protection against superinfection with an HIV-1 strain of the same subtype, which was between 21 and 100%.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94118. Phone: (415) 923-5763. Fax: (419) 791-4220. E-mail: delwarte{at}medicine.ucsf.edu.

Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 94-103, Vol. 78, No. 1
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.94-103.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Yeh, W. W., Jaru-ampornpan, P., Nevidomskyte, D., Asmal, M., Rao, S. S., Buzby, A. P., Montefiori, D. C., Korber, B. T., Letvin, N. L. (2009). Partial Protection of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV)-Infected Rhesus Monkeys against Superinfection with a Heterologous SIV Isolate. J. Virol. 83: 2686-2696 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Blish, C. A., Dogan, O. C., Derby, N. R., Nguyen, M.-A., Chohan, B., Richardson, B. A., Overbaugh, J. (2008). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Superinfection Occurs despite Relatively Robust Neutralizing Antibody Responses. J. Virol. 82: 12094-12103 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Deeks, S. G., Schweighardt, B., Wrin, T., Galovich, J., Hoh, R., Sinclair, E., Hunt, P., McCune, J. M., Martin, J. N., Petropoulos, C. J., Hecht, F. M. (2006). Neutralizing Antibody Responses against Autologous and Heterologous Viruses in Acute versus Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Evidence for a Constraint on the Ability of HIV To Completely Evade Neutralizing Antibody Responses.. J. Virol. 80: 6155-6164 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chohan, B., Lavreys, L., Rainwater, S. M. J., Overbaugh, J. (2005). Evidence for Frequent Reinfection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 of a Different Subtype. J. Virol. 79: 10701-10708 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»