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Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 424-440, Vol. 78, No. 1
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.424-440.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Complete, Annotated Sequence of the Pseudorabies Virus Genome

Barbara G. Klupp,1,{dagger} Christoph J. Hengartner,2,{dagger} Thomas C. Mettenleiter,1 and Lynn W. Enquist2*

Institute of Molecular Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institutes, Federal Research Centre for Virus Diseases of Animals, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany,1 Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 085442

Received 14 August 2003/ Accepted 20 September 2003

We have obtained the complete DNA sequence of pseudorabies virus (PRV), an alphaherpesvirus also known as Aujeszky's disease virus or suid herpesvirus 1, using sequence fragments derived from six different strains (Kaplan, Becker, Rice, Indiana-Funkhauser, NIA-3, and TNL). The assembled PRV genome sequence comprises 143,461 nucleotides. As expected, it matches the predicted gene arrangement, genome size, and restriction enzyme digest patterns. More than 70 open reading frames were identified with homologs in related alphaherpesviruses; none were unique to PRV. RNA polymerase II transcriptional control elements in the PRV genome, including core promoters, splice sites, and polyadenylation sites, were identified with computer prediction programs. The correlation between predicted and experimentally determined transcription start and stop sites was excellent. The transcriptional control architecture is characterized by three key features: core transcription elements shared between genes, yielding divergent transcripts and a large number of coterminal transcripts; bifunctional transcriptional elements, yielding head-to-tail transcripts; and short repetitive sequences that could function as insulators against improperly terminated transcripts. Many of these features are conserved in the alphaherpesvirus subfamily and have important implications for gene array analyses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Phone: (609) 258-2664. Fax: (609) 258-1035. E-mail: lenquist{at}molbio.princeton.edu.

{dagger} B.G.K. and C.J.H. contributed equally to the manuscript.

Journal of Virology, January 2004, p. 424-440, Vol. 78, No. 1
0022-538X/04/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.78.1.424-440.2004
Copyright © 2004, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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