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Journal of Virology, September 2003, p. 9872-9884, Vol. 77, No. 18
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9872-9884.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Transactivation of a Viral Target Gene by Herpes Simplex Virus ICP27 Is Posttranscriptional and Does Not Require the Endogenous Promoter or Polyadenylation Site

Keith D. Perkins, Jennifer Gregonis, Sarah Borge, and Stephen A. Rice*

Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455

Received 15 January 2003/ Accepted 17 June 2003

ICP27 is an essential herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) immediate-early protein that stimulates viral mRNA expression from many viral delayed-early and late genes during infection. One HSV-1 late gene which is highly dependent on ICP27 during infection is that encoding the glycoprotein C (gC). Here we report that the gC gene is specifically transactivated by ICP27 in transfected Vero cells. Using various gC plasmid constructs, we show that ICP27's stimulatory effects are independent of the gC gene's endogenous promoter and polyadenylation site. This suggests that ICP27-responsive elements lie in the transcribed body of the gC gene. We also show that transactivation of the gC gene by ICP27 is independent of other viral proteins, as ICP27 alone can transactivate the gC gene when its transcription is mediated by the human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. However, when gC gene expression is driven by its endogenous promoter, the stimulatory effect of ICP27 requires additional transactivators. To explore the level at which ICP27 transactivates the gC gene, we established stably transfected Vero cell lines that have integrated copies of the gC gene under control of the cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene promoter. These gC genes are not constitutively expressed but can be efficiently induced by HSV-1 infection. Using nuclear run-on transcription assays, we show that transcriptional induction of the stably transfected genes is ICP27 independent. In contrast, accumulation of gC mRNA is very highly dependent on ICP27. Together, these results demonstrate that ICP27 posttranscriptionally activates mRNA expression from a biologically relevant viral target gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Mayo Mail Code 196, 420 Delaware St., S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455. Phone: (612) 626-4183. Fax: (612) 626-0623. E-mail: stever{at}lenti.med.umn.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 2003, p. 9872-9884, Vol. 77, No. 18
0022-538X/03/$08.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.77.18.9872-9884.2003
Copyright © 2003, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Bastian, T. W., Rice, S. A. (2009). Identification of Sequences in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP22 That Influence RNA Polymerase II Modification and Viral Late Gene Expression. J. Virol. 83: 128-139 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sedlackova, L., Perkins, K. D., Lengyel, J., Strain, A. K., van Santen, V. L., Rice, S. A. (2008). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP27 Regulates Expression of a Variant, Secreted Form of Glycoprotein C by an Intron Retention Mechanism. J. Virol. 82: 7443-7455 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sedlackova, L., Rice, S. A. (2008). Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Immediate-Early Protein ICP27 Is Required for Efficient Incorporation of ICP0 and ICP4 into Virions. J. Virol. 82: 268-277 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fraser, K. A., Rice, S. A. (2007). Herpes Simplex Virus Immediate-Early Protein ICP22 Triggers Loss of Serine 2-Phosphorylated RNA Polymerase II. J. Virol. 81: 5091-5101 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
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  • Pearson, A., Knipe, D. M., Coen, D. M. (2004). ICP27 Selectively Regulates the Cytoplasmic Localization of a Subset of Viral Transcripts in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Cells. J. Virol. 78: 23-32 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


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