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Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3952-3964, Vol. 76, No. 8
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3952-3964.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Requirements for Budding of Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 Virus-Like Particles

Anthony P. Schmitt,1 George P. Leser,2 David L. Waning,2 and Robert A. Lamb1,2*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute,1 Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-35002

Received 29 October 2001/ Accepted 9 January 2002

Enveloped viruses are released from infected cells after coalescence of viral components at cellular membranes and budding of membranes to release particles. For some negative-strand RNA viruses (e.g., vesicular stomatitis virus and Ebola virus), the viral matrix (M) protein contains all of the information needed for budding, since virus-like particles (VLPs) are efficiently released from cells when the M protein is expressed from cDNA. To investigate the requirements for budding of the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5), its M protein was expressed in mammalian cells, and it was found that SV5 M protein alone could not induce vesicle budding and was not secreted from cells. Coexpression of M protein with the viral hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) or fusion (F) glycoproteins also failed to result in significant VLP release. It was found that M protein in the form of VLPs was only secreted from cells, with an efficiency comparable to authentic virus budding, when M protein was coexpressed with one of the two glycoproteins, HN or F, together with the nucleocapsid (NP) protein. The VLPs appeared similar morphologically to authentic virions by electron microscopy. CsCl density gradient centrifugation indicated that almost all of the NP protein in the cells had assembled into nucleocapsid-like structures. Deletion of the F and HN cytoplasmic tails indicated an important role of these cytoplasmic tails in VLP budding. Furthermore, truncation of the HN cytoplasmic tail was found to be inhibitory toward budding, since it prevented coexpressed wild-type (wt) F protein from directing VLP budding. Conversely, truncation of the F protein cytoplasmic tail was not inhibitory and did not affect the ability of coexpressed wt HN protein to direct the budding of particles. Taken together, these data suggest that multiple viral components, including assembled nucleocapsids, have important roles in the paramyxovirus budding process.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2153 North Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208-3500. Phone: (847) 491-5433. Fax: (847) 491-2467. E-mail: ralamb{at}northwestern.edu.

Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3952-3964, Vol. 76, No. 8
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.8.3952-3964.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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