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Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3388-3394, Vol. 76, No. 7
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3388-3394.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Intra- and Intercellular Trafficking of the Foamy Virus Auxiliary Bet Protein

Charles-Henri Lecellier,1 Wim Vermeulen,2 Françoise Bachelerie,3 Marie-Lou Giron,1 and Ali Saïb1*

CNRS UPR9051, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75475 Paris Cedex 10,1 Unité d'Immunologie Virale, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France,3 Department of Genetics, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, The Netherlands2

Received 12 November 2001/ Accepted 4 January 2002

The Bet protein of foamy viruses (FVs) is an auxiliary protein encoded by the 3' end of the viral genome. Although its function during the viral replication cycle is still unknown, Bet seems to play a key role in the establishment and/or maintenance of viral persistence, representing the predominant viral protein detected during chronic infection. To clarify the function of this viral protein, the subcellular distribution of Bet from the prototypic human foamy virus (HFV) was examined. We report here that this protein is distributed in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus of HFV-infected or Bet-transfected cells. The nuclear targeting results from the presence of a bipartite nuclear localization signal at the C-terminal region, sufficient to direct heterologous reporter proteins to the nucleus. Since HFV Bet spreads between cells, we show here that the secreted protein targets the nuclei of recipient cells. HFV Bet follows an unconventional route to exit the cell since its secretion is not affected by brefeldin A, a drug which disrupts the trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex. Finally, these inter- and intracellular movements were also observed for the equine foamy virus Bet protein, strongly suggesting that these remarkable features are conserved among FVs.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: CNRS UPR9051, Université Paris 7, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 1, Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75475 Paris Cedex 10, France. Phone: 33 1 53 72 40 96. Fax: 33 1 53 72 40 90. E-mail: alisaib{at}infobiogen.fr.

Journal of Virology, April 2002, p. 3388-3394, Vol. 76, No. 7
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.7.3388-3394.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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