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Journal of Virology, February 2002, p. 1224-1235, Vol. 76, No. 3
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.3.1224-1235.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A Gene Capable of Blocking Apoptosis Can Substitute for the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Latency-Associated Transcript Gene and Restore Wild-Type Reactivation Levels

Guey-Chuen Perng,1 Barak Maguen,1 Ling Jin,1 Kevin R. Mott,1 Nelson Osorio,1 Susan M. Slanina,1 Ada Yukht,1 Homayon Ghiasi,1,2 Anthony B. Nesburn,1,2 Melissa Inman,3 Gail Henderson,3 Clinton Jones,3 and Steven L. Wechsler1,2*

Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Burns & Allen Research Institute,1 Department of Ophthalmology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048,2 Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583-0903

Received 18 September 2001/ Accepted 29 October 2001

After ocular herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, the virus travels up axons and establishes a lifelong latent infection in neurons of the trigeminal ganglia. LAT (latency-associated transcript), the only known viral gene abundantly transcribed during HSV-1 neuronal latency, is required for high levels of reactivation. The LAT function responsible for this reactivation phenotype is not known. Recently, we showed that LAT can block programmed cell death (apoptosis) in neurons of the trigeminal ganglion in vivo and in tissue culture cells in vitro (G.-C. Perng et al., Science 287:1500–1503, 2000; M. Inman et al., J. Virol. 75:3636–3646, 2001). Consequently, we proposed that this antiapoptosis function may be a key to the mechanism by which LAT enhances reactivation. To study this further, we constructed a recombinant HSV-1 virus in which the HSV-1 LAT gene was replaced by an alternate antiapoptosis gene. We used the bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV-1) latency-related (LR) gene, which was previously shown to have antiapoptosis activity, for this purpose. The resulting chimeric virus, designated CJLAT, contains two complete copies of the BHV-1 LR gene (one in each viral long repeat) in place of the normal two copies of the HSV-1 LAT, on an otherwise wild-type HSV-1 strain McKrae genomic background. We report here that in both rabbits and mice reactivation of CJLAT was significantly greater than the LAT null mutant dLAT2903 (P < 0.0004 and P = 0.001, respectively) and was at least as efficient as wild-type McKrae. This strongly suggests that a BHV-1 LR gene function was able to efficiently substitute for an HSV-1 LAT gene function involved in reactivation. Although replication of CJLAT in rabbits and mice was similar to that of wild-type McKrae, CJLAT killed more mice during acute infection and caused more corneal scarring in latently infected rabbits. This suggested that the BHV-1 LR gene and the HSV-1 LAT gene are not functionally identical. However, LR and LAT both have antiapoptosis activity. These studies therefore strongly support the hypothesis that replacing LAT with an antiapoptosis gene restores the wild-type reactivation phenotype to a LAT null mutant of HSV-1 McKrae.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Ophthalmology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Burns & Allen Research Institute, Davis Bldg., Rm. 5072, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90048. Phone: (310) 423-6457. Fax: (310) 423-0225. E-mail: Wechsler{at}cshs.org.

Journal of Virology, February 2002, p. 1224-1235, Vol. 76, No. 3
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.3.1224-1235.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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