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Journal of Virology, December 2002, p. 12162-12172, Vol. 76, No. 23
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12162-12172.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 Protein Impairs TRAIL- and FasL-Mediated Apoptosis in HaCaT Cells by Different Mechanisms

Kirsten Kabsch* and Angel Alonso

Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Received 13 March 2002/ Accepted 20 August 2002

The effect of the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E5 protein on apoptosis was investigated by using the polyclonal HaCaT-cell lines stably transfected either with E5 (HaCaT/E5) or the empty vector (HaCaT/pMSG) as reference. Apoptosis was triggered either by Fas ligand (FasL) or by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and was monitored by detection of cleavage of procaspase-8 and procaspase-3, as well as their substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). In contrast to the HaCaT/pMSG control cells we found that apoptosis induced by either of the two ligands is strongly suppressed in the E5-expressing keratinocytes. Fas expression is reduced by about a factor of two in HaCaT/E5 cells, which could be part of the mechanisms that protect the cells from FasL-induced apoptosis. For the TRAIL receptors, no such downregulation was observed. Here, E5 impairs the formation of the death-inducing signaling complex triggered by TRAIL. Apparently, E5 employs different mechanisms to inhibit death receptor signaling. This effect is not restricted to HaCaT/E5 cells since we found that the mouse fibroblast cell line A31-E5 is protected from TRAIL-induced apoptosis, as well but not the E5-lacking control cells A31-Neo. However, no such protection was observed upon FasL-induced apoptosis. Presumably, some of the antiapoptotic mechanisms employed by E5 of the human pathogenic HPV-16 are cell type specific. We propose that inhibition of ligand-mediated apoptosis in human keratinocytes is a primary function of the HPV-16 E5 protein needed to prevent apoptosis at early stages of viral infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Im Neuenheimer Feld 242, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany. Phone: 49-6221-424943. Fax: 49-6221-424932. E-mail: k.kabsch{at}dkfz-heidelberg.de.

Journal of Virology, December 2002, p. 12162-12172, Vol. 76, No. 23
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.23.12162-12172.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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