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Journal of Virology, October 2002, p. 10401-10416, Vol. 76, No. 20
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.20.10401-10416.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Life Cycle Heterogeneity in Animal Models of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Disease

Woei Ling Peh,1 Kate Middleton,1 Neil Christensen,2 Philip Nicholls,3 Kiyofumi Egawa,4 Karl Sotlar,5 Janet Brandsma,6 Alan Percival,7 Jon Lewis,8 Wen Jun Liu,9 and John Doorbar1*

National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London,1 Department of Podiatry, Nene College, Northampton,7 Roche Discovery, Welwyn Garden City, Welwyn, United Kingdom,8 The Jake Gittlen Cancer Research Institute, The Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania,2 Division of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia,3 Centre for Immunology and Cancer Research, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, Australia,9 Department of Dermatology, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, Japan,4 Institute for Pathology, Tubingen, Germany,5 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut6

Received 25 March 2002/ Accepted 3 July 2002

Animal papillomaviruses are widely used as models to study papillomavirus infection in humans despite differences in genome organization and tissue tropism. Here, we have investigated the extent to which animal models of papillomavirus infection resemble human disease by comparing the life cycles of 10 different papillomavirus types. Three phases in the life cycles of all viruses were apparent using antibodies that distinguish between early events, the onset of viral genome amplification, and the expression of capsid proteins. The initiation of these phases follows a highly ordered pattern that appears important for the production of virus particles. The viruses examined included canine oral papillomavirus, rabbit oral papillomavirus (ROPV), cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV), bovine papillomavirus type 1, and human papillomavirus types 1, 2, 11, and 16. Each papillomavirus type showed a distinctive gene expression pattern that could be explained in part by differences in tissue tropism, transmission route, and persistence. As the timing of life cycle events affects the accessibility of viral antigens to the immune system, the ideal model system should resemble human mucosal infection if vaccine design is to be effective. Of the model systems examined here, only ROPV had a tissue tropism and a life cycle organization that resembled those of the human mucosal types. ROPV appears most appropriate for studies of the life cycles of mucosal papillomavirus types and for the development of prophylactic vaccines. The persistence of abortive infections caused by CRPV offers advantages for the development of therapeutic vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: National Institute for Medical Research, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 20 8913 8677. Fax: 44 20 8906 4477. E-mail: jdoorba{at}nimr.mrc.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, October 2002, p. 10401-10416, Vol. 76, No. 20
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.20.10401-10416.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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