This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by del Rio, T.
Right arrow Articles by Enquist, L. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by del Rio, T.
Right arrow Articles by Enquist, L. W.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, January 2002, p. 774-782, Vol. 76, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.2.774-782.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

The Pseudorabies Virus VP22 Homologue (UL49) Is Dispensable for Virus Growth In Vitro and Has No Effect on Virulence and Neuronal Spread in Rodents

T. del Rio, H. C. Werner, and L. W. Enquist*

Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544

Received 10 July 2001/ Accepted 12 October 2001

The tegument of herpesvirus virions is a distinctive structure whose assembly and function are not well understood. The herpes simplex virus type 1 VP22 tegument protein encoded by the UL49 gene is conserved among the alphaherpesviruses. Using cell biology and viral genetics, we provide an initial characterization of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) VP22 homologue. We identified three isoforms of VP22 present in PRV-infected cells that can be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The predominant form is not phosphorylated and is present in virions, while the other two species are phosphorylated and excluded from virions. VP22 localized to the nucleus by 6 h postinfection, as determined by immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. VP22 immunofluorescence in the nucleus was both diffuse and in punctate structures. The punctate nuclear localization was the most pronounced form of staining and did not localize exclusively to sites of viral DNA replication. Unexpectedly, a VP22 null mutant had no obvious phenotypes during tissue culture infections and was similar to the wild type in all respects. Moreover, the VP22 null mutant was as virulent and neuroinvasive as the wild-type virus after infection of the rodent eye and spread to the brain using both anterograde and retrograde neuronal circuits.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544. Phone: (609) 258-2415. Fax: (609) 258-1035. E-mail: Lenquist{at}molbiol.princeton.edu.

Journal of Virology, January 2002, p. 774-782, Vol. 76, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.2.774-782.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Blondeau, C., Marc, D., Courvoisier, K., Vautherot, J.-F., Denesvre, C. (2008). Functional Homologies between Avian and Human Alphaherpesvirus VP22 Proteins in Cell-to-Cell Spreading as Revealed by a New cis-Complementation Assay. J. Virol. 82: 9278-9282 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kalthoff, D., Granzow, H., Trapp, S., Beer, M. (2008). The UL49 gene product of BoHV-1: a major factor in efficient cell-to-cell spread. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 2269-2274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Che, X., Reichelt, M., Sommer, M. H., Rajamani, J., Zerboni, L., Arvin, A. M. (2008). Functions of the ORF9-to-ORF12 Gene Cluster in Varicella-Zoster Virus Replication and in the Pathogenesis of Skin Infection. J. Virol. 82: 5825-5834 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Rozen, R., Sathish, N., Li, Y., Yuan, Y. (2008). Virion-Wide Protein Interactions of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. J. Virol. 82: 4742-4750 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tischer, B. K., Kaufer, B. B., Sommer, M., Wussow, F., Arvin, A. M., Osterrieder, N. (2007). A Self-Excisable Infectious Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Clone of Varicella-Zoster Virus Allows Analysis of the Essential Tegument Protein Encoded by ORF9. J. Virol. 81: 13200-13208 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Denesvre, C., Blondeau, C., Lemesle, M., Le Vern, Y., Vautherot, D., Roingeard, P., Vautherot, J. F. (2007). Morphogenesis of a Highly Replicative EGFPVP22 Recombinant Marek's Disease Virus in Cell Culture. J. Virol. 81: 12348-12359 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Coller, K. E., Lee, J. I-H., Ueda, A., Smith, G. A. (2007). The Capsid and Tegument of the Alphaherpesviruses Are Linked by an Interaction between the UL25 and VP1/2 Proteins. J. Virol. 81: 11790-11797 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Che, X., Berarducci, B., Sommer, M., Ruyechan, W. T., Arvin, A. M. (2007). The Ubiquitous Cellular Transcriptional Factor USF Targets the Varicella-Zoster Virus Open Reading Frame 10 Promoter and Determines Virulence in Human Skin Xenografts in SCIDhu Mice In Vivo. J. Virol. 81: 3229-3239 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Helferich, D., Veits, J., Mettenleiter, T. C., Fuchs, W. (2007). Identification of transcripts and protein products of the UL31, UL37, UL46, UL47, UL48, UL49 and US4 gene homologues of avian infectious laryngotracheitis virus. J. Gen. Virol. 88: 719-731 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Duffy, C., LaVail, J. H., Tauscher, A. N., Wills, E. G., Blaho, J. A., Baines, J. D. (2006). Characterization of a UL49-Null Mutant: VP22 of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Facilitates Viral Spread in Cultured Cells and the Mouse Cornea.. J. Virol. 80: 8664-8675 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mouzakitis, G., McLauchlan, J., Barreca, C., Kueltzo, L., O'Hare, P. (2005). Characterization of VP22 in Herpes Simplex Virus-Infected Cells. J. Virol. 79: 12185-12198 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pomeranz, L. E., Reynolds, A. E., Hengartner, C. J. (2005). Molecular Biology of Pseudorabies Virus: Impact on Neurovirology and Veterinary Medicine. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 69: 462-500 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Elliott, G., Hafezi, W., Whiteley, A., Bernard, E. (2005). Deletion of the Herpes Simplex Virus VP22-Encoding Gene (UL49) Alters the Expression, Localization, and Virion Incorporation of ICP0. J. Virol. 79: 9735-9745 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • del Rio, T., DeCoste, C. J., Enquist, L.W. (2005). Actin Is a Component of the Compensation Mechanism in Pseudorabies Virus Virions Lacking the Major Tegument Protein VP22. J. Virol. 79: 8614-8619 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • del Rio, T., Ch'ng, T. H., Flood, E. A., Gross, S. P., Enquist, L. W. (2005). Heterogeneity of a Fluorescent Tegument Component in Single Pseudorabies Virus Virions and Enveloped Axonal Assemblies. J. Virol. 79: 3903-3919 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fuchs, W., Klupp, B. G., Granzow, H., Mettenleiter, T. C. (2004). Essential Function of the Pseudorabies Virus UL36 Gene Product Is Independent of Its Interaction with the UL37 Protein. J. Virol. 78: 11879-11889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Burch, A. D., Weller, S. K. (2004). Nuclear Sequestration of Cellular Chaperone and Proteasomal Machinery during Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection. J. Virol. 78: 7175-7185 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fuchs, W., Granzow, H., Mettenleiter, T. C. (2003). A Pseudorabies Virus Recombinant Simultaneously Lacking the Major Tegument Proteins Encoded by the UL46, UL47, UL48, and UL49 Genes Is Viable in Cultured Cells. J. Virol. 77: 12891-12900 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Clase, A. C., Lyman, M. G., del Rio, T., Randall, J. A., Calton, C. M., Enquist, L. W., Banfield, B. W. (2003). The Pseudorabies Virus Us2 Protein, a Virion Tegument Component, Is Prenylated in Infected Cells. J. Virol. 77: 12285-12298 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • van Leeuwen, H., Okuwaki, M., Hong, R., Chakravarti, D., Nagata, K., O'Hare, P. (2003). Herpes simplex virus type 1 tegument protein VP22 interacts with TAF-I proteins and inhibits nucleosome assembly but not regulation of histone acetylation by INHAT. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 2501-2510 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Farnsworth, A., Goldsmith, K., Johnson, D. C. (2003). Herpes Simplex Virus Glycoproteins gD and gE/gI Serve Essential but Redundant Functions during Acquisition of the Virion Envelope in the Cytoplasm. J. Virol. 77: 8481-8494 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lyman, M. G., Demmin, G. L., Banfield, B. W. (2002). The Attenuated Pseudorabies Virus Strain Bartha Fails To Package the Tegument Proteins Us3 and VP22. J. Virol. 77: 1403-1414 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hutchinson, I., Whiteley, A., Browne, H., Elliott, G. (2002). Sequential Localization of Two Herpes Simplex Virus Tegument Proteins to Punctate Nuclear Dots Adjacent to ICP0 Domains. J. Virol. 76: 10365-10373 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Kopp, M., Klupp, B. G., Granzow, H., Fuchs, W., Mettenleiter, T. C. (2002). Identification and Characterization of the Pseudorabies Virus Tegument Proteins UL46 and UL47: Role for UL47 in Virion Morphogenesis in the Cytoplasm. J. Virol. 76: 8820-8833 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fuchs, W., Klupp, B. G., Granzow, H., Hengartner, C., Brack, A., Mundt, A., Enquist, L. W., Mettenleiter, T. C. (2002). Physical Interaction between Envelope Glycoproteins E and M of Pseudorabies Virus and the Major Tegument Protein UL49. J. Virol. 76: 8208-8217 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Fuchs, W., Granzow, H., Klupp, B. G., Kopp, M., Mettenleiter, T. C. (2002). The UL48 Tegument Protein of Pseudorabies Virus Is Critical for Intracytoplasmic Assembly of Infectious Virions. J. Virol. 76: 6729-6742 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»