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Journal of Virology, July 2002, p. 7174-7186, Vol. 76, No. 14
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.14.7174-7186.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Importance of the Cytoplasmic Tails of the Measles Virus Glycoproteins for Fusogenic Activity and the Generation of Recombinant Measles Viruses

Markus Moll, Hans-Dieter Klenk, and Andrea Maisner*

Institute of Virology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany

Received 14 December 2001/ Accepted 12 April 2002

The generation of replication-competent measles virus (MV) depends on the incorporation of biologically active, fusogenic glycoprotein complexes, which are required for attachment and penetration into susceptible host cells and for direct virus spread by cell-to-cell fusion. Whereas multiple studies have analyzed the importance of the ectodomains of the MV glycoproteins hemagglutinin (H) and fusion protein (F), we have investigated the role of the cytoplasmic tails of the F and H proteins for the formation of fusogenic complexes. Deletions in the cytoplasmic tails of transiently expressed MV glycoproteins were found to have varying effects on receptor binding, fusion, or fusion promotion activity. F tail truncation to only three amino acids did not affect fusion capacity. In contrast, truncation of the H cytoplasmic tail was limited. H protein mutants with cytoplasmic tails of <14 residues no longer supported F-mediated cell fusion, predominantly due to a decrease in surface expression and receptor binding. This indicates that a minimal length of the H protein tail of 14 amino acids is required to ensure a threshold local density to have sufficient accumulation of fusogenic H-F complexes. By using reverse genetics, a recombinant MV with an F tail of three amino acids (rMV-Fc{Delta}30), as well as an MV with an H tail of 14 residues (rMV-Hc{Delta}20), could be rescued, whereas generation of viruses with shorter H tails failed. Thus, glycoprotein truncation does not interfere with the successful generation of recombinant MV if fusion competence is maintained.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie, Robert-Koch-Str. 17, 35037 Marburg, Germany. Phone: 49 6421 2865146. Fax: 49 6421 2868962. E-mail: maisner{at}mailer.uni-marburg.de.

Journal of Virology, July 2002, p. 7174-7186, Vol. 76, No. 14
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.14.7174-7186.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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