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Journal of Virology, June 2002, p. 6235-6243, Vol. 76, No. 12
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6235-6243.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Coalescence of the Sites of Cowpea Mosaic Virus RNA Replication into a Cytopathic Structure

Jan E. Carette,,{dagger} Kerstin Gühl, Joan Wellink,* and Ab Van Kammen

Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands

Received 27 November 2001/ Accepted 13 March 2002

Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) replication induces an extensive proliferation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, leading to the formation of small membranous vesicles where viral RNA replication takes place. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization, we found that early in the infection of cowpea protoplasts, CPMV plus-strand RNA accumulates at numerous distinct subcellular sites distributed randomly throughout the cytoplasm which rapidly coalesce into a large body located in the center of the cell, often near the nucleus. The combined use of immunostaining and a green fluorescent protein ER marker revealed that during the course of an infection, CPMV RNA colocalizes with the 110-kDa viral polymerase and other replication proteins and is always found in close association with proliferated ER membranes, indicating that these sites correspond to the membranous site of viral replication. Experiments with the cytoskeleton inhibitors oryzalin and latrunculin B point to a role of actin and not tubulin in establishing the large central structure. The induction of ER membrane proliferations in CPMV-infected protoplasts did not coincide with increased levels of BiP mRNA, indicating that the unfolded-protein response is not involved in this process.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Wageningen University, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-317483266. Fax: 31-317483584. E-mail: joan.wellink{at}mac.mb.wau.nl.

{dagger} Present address: VU University Medical Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Gene Therapy, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Journal of Virology, June 2002, p. 6235-6243, Vol. 76, No. 12
0022-538X/02/$04.00+0     DOI: 10.1128/JVI.76.12.6235-6243.2002
Copyright © 2002, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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