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Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4080-4090, Vol. 75, No. 9
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.9.4080-4090.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2-Mediated Gene Transfer: Altered Endocytic Processing Enhances Transduction Efficiency in Murine Fibroblasts

Jonathan Hansen,1,2,3 Keyun Qing,1,2,3 and Arun Srivastava1,2,3,4,*

Department of Microbiology & Immunology,1 Walther Oncology Center,2 and Division of Hematology/Oncology,4 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Walther Cancer Institute,3 Indianapolis, Indiana 46202

Received 22 November 2000/Accepted 30 January 2001

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV) is a single-stranded-DNA-containing, nonpathogenic human parvovirus that is currently in use as a vector for human gene therapy. However, the transduction efficiency of AAV vectors in different cell and tissue types varies widely. In addition to the lack of expression of the viral receptor and coreceptors and the rate-limiting viral second-strand DNA synthesis, which have been identified as obstacles to AAV-mediated transduction, we have recently demonstrated that impaired intracellular trafficking of AAV inhibits high-efficiency transduction of the murine fibroblast cell line, NIH 3T3 (J. Hansen, K. Qing, H. J. Kwon, C. Mah, and A. Srivastava, J. Virol. 74:992-996, 2000). In this report, we document that escape of AAV from the endocytic pathway in NIH 3T3 cells is not limited but processing within endosomes is impaired compared with that observed in the highly permissive human cell line 293. While virions were found in both early and late endosomes or lysosomes of infected 293 cells, they were localized predominantly to the early endosomes in NIH 3T3 cells. Moreover, treatment of cells with bafilomycin A1 (Baf), an inhibitor of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and therefore of endosomal-lysosomal acidification, decreased the transduction of 293 cells with a concomitant decrease in nuclear trafficking of AAV but had no effect on NIH 3T3 cells. However, after exposure of NIH 3T3 cells to hydroxyurea (HU), a compound known to increase AAV-mediated transduction in general, virions were detected in late endosomes and lysosomes, and these cells became sensitive to Baf-mediated inhibition of transduction. Thus, HU treatment overcomes defective endocytic processing of AAV in murine fibroblasts. These studies provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of intracellular trafficking of AAV in different cell types, which has implications in the optimal use of AAV as vectors in human gene therapy.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Medical Science Building Room 257, Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120. Phone: (317) 274-2194. Fax: (317) 274-4090. E-mail: asrivast{at}iupui.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2001, p. 4080-4090, Vol. 75, No. 9
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.9.4080-4090.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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