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Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 12182-12187, Vol. 75, No. 24
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.24.12182-12187.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Value of Immunological Markers in Predicting
Responsiveness to Influenza Vaccination in Elderly
Individuals
Jörg J.
Goronzy,1,*
James W.
Fulbright,1
Cynthia S.
Crowson,2
Gregory A.
Poland,1
William M.
O'Fallon,2 and
Cornelia
M.
Weyand1
Departments of
Medicine1 and
Biostatistics,2 Mayo Clinic, Rochester,
Minnesota
Received 12 July 2001/Accepted 26 September 2001
Elderly individuals are at high risk for morbidity and mortality
when infected with influenza virus. Vaccinations with inactivated virus
are less effective in the elderly due to the declining competency of
the aging immune system. We have explored whether immunological parameters predict poor anti-influenza virus vaccine responses and can
be used as biological markers of immunosenescence. One hundred
fifty-three residents of community-based retirement facilities aged 65 to 98 years received a trivalent influenza vaccine. Vaccine-induced antibody responses were determined by comparing hemagglutination inhibition titers before and 28 days after immunization. The
composition of the T-cell compartment was analyzed by flow cytometry
and the sizes of three T-cell subsets, CD4+
CD45RO+ cells, CD4+ CD28null cells,
and CD8+ CD28null cells, were determined. Only
17% of the vaccine recipients were able to generate an increase in
titers of antibody to all three vaccine components, and 46% of the
immunized individuals failed to respond to any of the three
hemagglutinins. The likelihood of successful vaccination declined with
age and was independently correlated with the expansion of a particular
T-cell subset, CD8+ CD28null T cells. The sizes
of the CD4+ CD45RO+ memory T-cell and
CD4+ CD28null T-cell subsets had no effect on
the ability to mount anti-influenza virus antibody responses.
Frequencies of CD8+ CD28null T cells are useful
biological markers of compromised immunocompetence, identifying
individuals at risk for insufficient antibody responses.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905. Phone: (507) 284-1650. Fax: (507) 284-5045. E-mail: goronzy.jorg{at}mayo.edu.
Journal of Virology, December 2001, p. 12182-12187, Vol. 75, No. 24
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.24.12182-12187.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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