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Journal of Virology, November 2001, p. 11166-11177, Vol. 75, No. 22
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.22.11166-11177.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Entry into Macrophages Mediated by Macropinocytosis

Valérie Maréchal,1 Marie-Christine Prevost,2 Caroline Petit,1 Emmanuelle Perret,2 Jean-Michel Heard,1 and Olivier Schwartz1,*

Unité Rétrovirus et Transfert Génétique, URA CNRS 1930,1 and Laboratoire de Microscopie,2 Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France

Received 12 June 2001/Accepted 3 August 2001

Whereas human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects various cell types by fusion at the plasma membrane, we observed a different entry route in human primary macrophages, in which macropinocytosis is active. Shortly after exposure of macrophages to HIV-1 and irrespective of viral envelope-receptor interactions, particles were visible in intracellular vesicles, which were identified as macropinosomes. Most virions appeared subsequently degraded. However, fusion leading to capsid release in the cytosol and productive infection could take place inside vesicles when particles were properly enveloped. These observations provide new insights into HIV-1 interactions with a cell target relevant to pathogenesis. They may have implications for the design of soluble inhibitors aimed at interfering with the fusion or entry processes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Unité Rétrovirus et Transfert Génétique, URA CNRS 1930, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: 33 1 45 68 83 53. Fax: 33 1 45 68 89 40. E-mail: schwartz{at}pasteur.fr.

Journal of Virology, November 2001, p. 11166-11177, Vol. 75, No. 22
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.22.11166-11177.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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