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Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 857-866, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.857-866.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of a Novel Simian Immunodeficiency Virus from Guereza Colobus Monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Cameroon: a New Lineage in the Nonhuman Primate Lentivirus Family

Valérie Courgnaud,1 Xavier Pourrut,1 Frédéric Bibollet-Ruche,2 Eitel Mpoudi-Ngole,3 Anke Bourgeois,3 Eric Delaporte,1 and Martine Peeters1,*

Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France1; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 352942; and Projet PRESICA, Hôpital Militaire, Yaounde, Cameroon3

Received 6 September 2000/Accepted 25 October 2000

Exploration of the diversity among primate lentiviruses is necessary to elucidate the origins and evolution of immunodeficiency viruses. During a serological survey in Cameroon, we screened 25 wild-born guereza colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) and identified 7 with HIV/SIV cross-reactive antibodies. In this study, we describe a novel lentivirus, named SIVcol, prevalent in guereza colobus monkeys. Genetic analysis revealed that SIVcol was very distinct from all other known SIV/HIV isolates, with average amino acid identities of 40% for Gag, 50% for Pol, 28% for Env, and around 25% for proteins encoded by five other genes. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that SIVcol is genetically distinct from other previously characterized primate lentiviruses and clusters independently, forming a novel lineage, the sixth in the current classification. Cercopithecidae monkeys (Old World monkeys) are subdivided into two subfamilies, the Colobinae and the Cercopithecinae, and, so far, all Cercopithecidae monkeys from which lentiviruses have been isolated belong to the Cercopithecinae subfamily. Therefore, SIVcol from guereza colobus monkeys (C. guereza) is the first primate lentivirus identified in the Colobinae subfamily and the divergence of SIVcol may reflect divergence of the host lineage.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire Retrovirus, IRD, 911 Avenue Agropolis, BP 5042, 34032 Montpellier Cedex 1, France. Phone: 33-4-67-41-61-61. Fax: 33-4-67-61-94-50. E-mail: martine.peeters{at}mpl.ird.fr.

Journal of Virology, January 2001, p. 857-866, Vol. 75, No. 2
0022-538X/01/$04.00+0   DOI: 10.1128/JVI.75.2.857-866.2001
Copyright © 2001, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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